Computational Models that Exploit
the Embodiment of Cognition
Michael J. Spivey
Department of Cognitive Science
University of California, Merced
16th International Summer School in Cognitive Science, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria, 2009
Bacsjy; Ballard et al., 1997
Brooks, 1991; Steels, 2003
Tensegrity robot guy at cornell
howell jankowicz & becker
Scheutz et al.
Yu ballard aslin
Roy, 2005
• Embodied Artificial Intelligence
• Embodied Simulations of Human Cognition
• Embodied and Embedded Cognition:
Spreading out your mind to include the world
OUTLINE
Internalistic Approaches to Computer Vision & AI
Stimulus Features
SHRDLU
(Winograd, 1970)
Internalistic Approaches to Computer Vision & AI
Primal Sketch
(Marr, 1982)
After Decades of “Internalist” Computer Vision & AI
Ruzena Bajcsy (1984)
"Active Touch and Robot Perception"
(see also Braitenberg, 1984)
Agre & Chapman (1987)
“Pengi: An Implementation of a Theory of Activity
”
AI has generally interpreted the organized nature of everyday activity
in terms of plan
-
following. Nobody could doubt that people often
make and follow plans. But the complexity, uncertainty, and
immediacy of the real world require a central role for
moment
-
to
-
moment improvisation. Before and beneath any
planning ahead, one continually decides what to do now.
Investigation of the dynamics of everyday routine activity reveals
important regularities in the interaction of very simple machinery
with its environment. We have used our dynamic theories to design
a program, called Pengi, that engages in complex, apparently
-
planful
activity without requiring explicit models of the world.
Pengi
(Agre & Chapman, 1987)
Pengi
(Agre & Chapman, 1987)
Pengi uses “indexical
-
functional aspects”
(Agre & Chapman, 1987)
Ballard, Hayhoe, Pook, & Rao (1997)
“Deictic codes for the embodiment of cognition”
Ballard, Hayhoe, Pook, & Rao (1997)
Ballard, Hayhoe, Pook, & Rao (1997)
Ballard, Hayhoe, Pook, & Rao (1997)
Ballard, Hayhoe, Pook, & Rao (1997)
Internalistic Approaches to Computer Vision & AI
Stimulus Features
Kirsh & Maglio (1994)
Kirsh & Maglio (1994)
Kirsh & Maglio (1994)
Kirsh & Maglio (1994)
Chapman & Agre (1987)
“Abstract Reasoning as Emergent from Concrete Activity”
Rodney Brooks (1991)
“Intelligence Without Representation”
Rodney Brooks’ Robots
Rodney Brooks’ Robots
Rodney Brooks’ Robots
Brooks & Breazeal
Brooks & Breazeal
Deb Roy’s Robots
Deb Roy’s Robots
• Embodied Artificial Intelligence
• Embodied Simulations of Human Cognition
• Embodied and Embedded Cognition:
Spreading out your mind to include the world
OUTLINE
Scheutz, Eberhard, & Andronache (2005)
Scheutz, Eberhard, & Andronache (2005)
Scheutz, Eberhard, & Andronache (2005)
Mayberry, Crocker, & Knoeferle (2009)
Mayberry, Crocker, & Knoeferle (2009)
Howell, Jankowicz, & Becker (2005)
Kaup, Lüdtke, & Zwaan (2006)
Anderson, Huette, Matlock & Spivey (2009)
Anderson, Huette, Matlock & Spivey (2009)
• Embodied Artificial Intelligence
• Embodied Simulations of Human Cognition
• Embodied and Embedded Cognition:
Spreading out your mind to include the world
OUTLINE
Spatially extending one’s definition of thought
(e.g., Clark & Chalmers; O’Regan & Nöe)
Temporally extending
one’s definition of thought
“Nothing is, everything is becoming.”
-
Heraclitus
The Continuity of Mind
0
0.5
1
x
-
space
y
-
space
“shared manifold of intersubjectivity”
-
Gallese
The Continuity of Mind
s
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