© Minder Chen, 1996
-
2013
Web Architecture
-
1
The Architecture of Internet and WWW
Web
Browser
Client
Web
Server
End User
HTTP
TCP/IP
HTML
documents
Internet
or
Intranet
Benefits of the Web as a delivery mechanism:
•
Thin clients
•
Platform independence
•
Easy for deployment/upgrade
•
Based on standards
© Minder Chen, 1996
-
2013
Web Architecture
-
2
Internet: The Virtual Network & Internal Structure
Computer
Router
A Regional Network
Internet
NAP
ISP
LAN
NAP: National Access Point ISP: Internet Service Provider
TELCO
© Minder Chen, 1996
-
2013
Web Architecture
-
3
Hosts on the Internet
•
IP Datagram
–
Datagram Header
•
Source: 15.127.9.12 (IP Address)
•
Destination: 254.231.15.129
•
American Registry for Internet Numbers https://www.arin.net/
Router
Total about 4.3 billion IP addresses.
© Minder Chen, 1996
-
2013
Web Architecture
-
4
Domain Name
•
DNS (Domain Name Server): Mapping the four octets (32
-
bit numeric)
IP address (such as 217.156.3.14) to a domain name such as
student.csuci.edu
•
http://www.godaddy.com
for domain name registration
edu
uiuc
csuci
cs
vax
The name of a host computer
with an IP address
student
First Level
Second
Level
CSUCI.EDU
Top
country
domain
name
.us
.tv (30M)
.md
© Minder Chen, 1996
-
2013
Web Architecture
-
5
Key Elements of Web
•
Hypertext
: Non
-
linear links to anchors of the
same document, or to different documents on
the same or different web site.
–
Using HTML (HyperText Markup Language) links and
anchors
–
Relying on URL (Uniform Resource Locators)
addressing scheme
•
Multimedia: graphics, video, sound, etc.
–
Web browser can access networked hypermedia.
–
Hypermedia access of the web browser is facilitated
by helper applications, plug
-
ins, or document
viewers.
•
Network: Global reach and "Universal" access
–
Based on HTTP which is built on top of the TCP/IP
protocol.
© Minder Chen, 1996
-
2013
Web Architecture
-
6
Client
-
Server Model of http
Web Server
Web Client
•
Requesting a
document via a
URL address
•
Connection open
•
Returning MIME
-
compliance document
•
Connection close
helper app
helper app
helper app
helper app
helper app
Web contents
•
HTML documents
•
Images
•
Animation
•
Video clips
•
Sound bites
•
Java applets
•
Java Scripts
•
CGI scripts
•
JSP
•
Database access
•
ASP/ASPX/PHP
•
JSP
Web Site
Internet or
Intranet
1
2
Static
Dynamic
MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
© Minder Chen, 1996
-
2013
Web Architecture
-
7
HTTP
•
HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol
•
Characteristics:
–
Runs on top of TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol)
–
Has a comprehensive addressing scheme, i.e. URL
–
An extensible and open representation for data type,
using MIME header
–
Has a
stateless
protocol. There is no
memory
between client connections.
Cookies are used to
track users.
–
Is efficient
–
Is portable
–
Possible extensions, Secure HTTP (SHPPT), SSL.
(
https
://URL)
© Minder Chen, 1996
-
2013
Web Architecture
-
8
The Extended Framework of WWW
Web
Browser
Client
HTML
Authoring
Tools/Editors
End User
Web Master
Web Designer
& Publisher
External Applications
Non
-
HTTP objects
•
ColdFusion,
•
CGI (Perl)
•
ASP & ASP.NET
•
JAVA Servlet
•
Java Server
Pages
•
Java Applet
•
JavaScript
Internet
Global Reach
Broad Range
Web Programmer
Web
Server
<html>
<head>
<title> HTML Sampler Web Page </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>HTML Sampler</h1>
<img src="eyes.gif"><br>
<b> List: </b>
<ul>
<li> Item 1
<li> <font size=+2>Item 2</font>
<li> <i>Item 3</i>
</ul>
<table border=1>
<tr> <th> Name</th> <th>Speciality </th> </tr>
<tr> <td> Minder Chen</td> <td>MIS </td> </tr>
<tr> <td> Justin Chen</td> <td>Aerospace </td> </tr>
</table>
<p>
A sample of a form:
<form method="post"
action="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi
-
bin/post
-
query" >
Name: <input type="text" size=20> <br>
<input type="checkbox" name="html" value="YES"> Know HTML <br>
<b><input type="submit" value="Submit your data"></b>
</form>
<hr> Developed by
<a href="http://www.erols.com/aitc/"> Advanced IT Consulting</a>
</body></html>
© Minder Chen, 1996
-
2013
Web Architecture
-
10
HTTP (Web) Cookie
•
First party and third party Cookies at http://on.wsj.com/LamyJX
This is how most web sites used to track
you and maintain online sessions.
© Minder Chen, 1996
-
2013
Web Architecture
-
11
Clickstream
•
Hit
–
any Web server request that generates a log file entry. A
page has many elements (html, gifs), each generating a hit.
•
Page
–
Web server file that is sent to client user agent, usually a
browser.
•
Session
–
all actions (i.e. requests, resets) made in single visit,
from entry until logout or time out (e.g., 20 minutes of no
activity).
•
Visitor
–
a user or bot/spider/crawler that makes requests at a
site. Can be new, returning, registered, anonymous
•
Buyer
–
visitor that purchases something
•
Customer
–
a visitor that registers (sometimes defined as buyer)
•
Conversion
–
rate at which visitors transition to desired state
•
(buyers, customers, registered, started checkout)
•
Host
–
remote machine, identified by IP address, used for visit.
•
Referrers
–
page that provides a link to another page. Can be
internal or external
© Minder Chen, 1996
-
2013
Web Architecture
-
12
Web Log Analysis
•
Number of visits and number of unique visitors
•
Visits duration and last visits
•
Authenticated users, and last authenticated visits
•
Days of week and rush hours
•
Domains/countries of host's visitors.
•
Hosts list
•
Number total pageviews
•
Most viewed, entry and exit pages
•
Files type
•
OS
used
•
Browsers
used
•
Robots
•
HTTP referrer
•
Search engines
, key phrases and keywords used to find the analyzed web
site
•
HTTP errors
•
Some of the log analyzers also report on who's on the site, conversion
tracking, visit time and page navigation.
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