POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF VRGIS FOR FOREST FIRE HAZARD MONITORING
ABSTRACT
:
In
the
last
few
years,
research
projects
that
merge
Geographical
Information
Systems
(GIS)
with
Virtual
Reality
(VR)
systems
have
gained
more
and
more
popularity
.
Several
recent
developments
in
computing
can
be
seen
as
the
base
for
this
trend
:
the
widespread
use
of
powerful
desktop
computers
.
Advances
in
computer
hard
-
and
software
give
us
the
ability
to
immerse
in
three
dimensional
virtual
worlds
and
interact
with
GIS
-
in
real
-
time
.
This
paper
shows
some
of
the
potential
application
for
virtual
reality/virtual
environments
in
combination
with
GIS
in
hazard
monitoring
especially
in
fire
hazard
monitoring
.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The
field
data
collection,
image
processing
and
GIS
analysis
and
VR
modeling
will
be
applied
in
this
research
.
Field
data
such
as
temperature,
relative
humidity,
soil
moisture
and
wind
speed/direction
will
be
used
for
Drought
Index
(KBDI)
while
satellite
image
data
will
be
classified
and
analyzed
in
order
to
get
the
fuel
map
and
land
use
map
.
Temporal
satellite
image
data
will
be
used
mainly
for
visualization
and
synoptic
capture
of
data
.
Topographic
map
will
be
applied
for
common
surface
model
topography
.
3
D
GIS
application
will
be
also
integrated
into
the
model
.
Data
from
remote
sensi ng
and
ground
survey
will
be
integrated
to
provide
the
surface
features
.
A
fire
risk
model
and
mapping
for
the
various
hazard
shall
be
based
on
normal
GIS
modeling
and
will
be
integrated
into
the
VR
environment
.
Once
the
VR
of
the
hazard
has
been
modeled,
it
shall
be
capable
of
handling
analytical
function
provide
by
GIS
.
The
Virtual
Reality
Modeling
Language
(VRML)
will
be
applied
for
the
hypermap
as
final
out
put
.
Visualization
technique
to
provide
best
output
result
will
be
developed
.
THE EXPECTED RESULTS
The
expected
research
will
develop
a
fire
potential
index
(FPI)
model
.
The
model
was
based
on
the
Fire
Danger
Rating
System's
(FDRS)
that
derived
from
KBDI,
relative
greenness
of
the
Normalized
Difference
Vegetation
Index
.
The
model
result
may
be
a
potential
valuable
fire
management
tool
for
land
management
agencies
.
Forest
fire
hazard
map
(Figure
3
)
will
be
extracted
by
Multi
Criteria
Analysis
using
data
that
acquired
from
weather
map,
fuel
map,
road
and
river
network
map
and
terrain
map
.
From
the
fire
hazard
map
and
model,
a
computer
-
based
model
will
be
extracted
to
predict
wild
fire
behavior
across
time
and
space
.
The
computer
model
uses
fuel
type,
weather
conditions,
slope,
aspect
and
elevation
to
predict
the
direction,
speed,
and
burn
intensity
of
a
wild
fire
across
various
landscapes
(Figure
4
)
.
The
model
will
integrate
Geographic
Information
System
(GIS)
and
Virtual
Reality
(VR)
technology
.
The
dynamic
model
will
be
developed
using
this
technology
.
In
this
approach,
the
spread
simulation
is
used
to
calculate
the
time
it
takes
a
fire
starting
from
any
point
in
the
landscape
to
reach
an
object,
under
given
environmental
conditions
.
This
is
accomplished
by
inverting
the
spread
simulation,
working
from
a
reached
object
backwards
to
all
possible
sources
.
The
delay
times
from
any
point
to
all
objects
can
then
be
input
to
a
potential
model,
used
in
the
GIS
realm
for
assessing
accessibility
.
Ancillary data
(Topo map
)
DEM
Weather data
GIS Analysis
Fire Hazard
Modeling
Dynamic Model and
Visualization (Out put
)
KBDI
Ground Control Point
Image Processing:
NDVI
Supervised Classification
Raster to vector conversion
Satellite Image data
Conclusions
There
is
a
potential
for
VRGIS
application
in
fire
hazard
monitoring
.
T h e
i n t e g r a t i o n
of
geographic
information
systems
and
virtual
reality
technology
will
become
more
natural
in
the
near
future
.
There
will
definitely
be
a
high
demand
for
versatile,
integrated
GIS/VR
models
.
It
is
believed
that
the
integration
of
GIS
and
VR
technology
will
become
an
indispensable
tool
for
planners
and
decision
makers
in
the
near
future
.
Figure 3. Resources for Fire Hazard Map
(Source: Hee Jo,
et all
., 2000)
Figure 2. The Fire Danger Rating System fuel
models (Source: Bradshaw,
et all
., 1983).
Figure 4. 3D Visualization of a forest fire
Slate grey = burned area, dark grey = fire front (Source: Anonymous,
2001).
Figure 1. Flow chart of methodology
Ahmad Rodzi Mahmud, Iwan setiawan, Noordin Ahmad, Abd. Rashid Mohamed Shariff and Sattri Mansor
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