POLYTECHNIC OF NAMIBIA

1

POLYTECHNIC OF NAMIBIA





SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY


DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING


February 2003



COURSE OUTLINE FOR:


STRUCTURAL DESIGN 3.1 (SDE 3300)


Semester
: S3



Lecturer
: W. Singoro (Office no. G
28
–

Ground floor, Engineering Building)




1.

INTRODUCTION


Structural Design 3.1

is an S
3 course for the National Diploma: Civil Engineering whose
aim is to enable the student of Engineering perform structural designs in steel and timber.
The course deals w
ith the practical design principles and techniques, including the use of
computer applications and therefore knowledge in usage of computers is an important
requirement. Pre
-
requisites for one to take the course is successful completion of the
courses
Theo
ry of Structures II (TST 1200), Mathematics 2 (MAT 1200), Construction 1B
(CON 1200) and Communication Skills 1 (COM 1100).



The course is tightly linked with the parallel course,
Structural analysis 2

(SAN 3300)

in
that the design of structures requires
an evaluation of the stresses generated within a
structure, a task achieved by applying techniques from the structural analysis course.



2

2.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE


The objective of this course is to equip the student with the skills and competence
to
design Civil Engineering structures in steel and in timber.


The particular aims are that on successful completion of the course, the student shall be
able to:
-



Correctly assess the types and magnitudes of loading that can be reasonably
expected to act

on buildings and related structures



Articulate the principles of the Limit States Design philosophy



Correctly determine the critical stresses induced by given loads in any given
structure’s components



Establish the appropriate size and cross sectional pro
file a steel member that is
needed to resist determined critical stresses



Determine and design suitable connections of steel members to resist stresses
reasonably expected to act on such connections



Appreciate the need for grading of structural timber as d
ictated by such
properties as orientation of the grain, extent of warping etc.



Determine appropriate sizes of timber elements required to resist given critical
stresses



Determine and design suitable connections of timber elements to resist
stresses reasona
bly expected to act on them



Use Prokon structural Engineering software to perform designs in steel and in
timber.



3.

BROAD OUTLINE OF THE COURSE


The following are to be covered under the structural Design III module 1 course:
-

i)

Structural loadings

ii)

Design
in structural steel

iii)

Design in Timber

iv)

Computer applications in structural timber and structural steel design.


4.

EXERCISES, TUTORIALS AND PROJECT ASSIGNMENT


Students shall be given some course notes but are required to take down their own class
notes to sup
plement what they are given. There will be exercises and tutorials at regular
intervals as the course proceeds and every student is expected to work through these. In
addition, a project assignment will be given that each student will have to do and presen
t.
It is expected that the quality of work output by the students shall be of a quality
comparable to prevailing industry standards. Work of substandard quality will be
penalized.



3

It is crucially important to note that because the delivery mode is via lec
tures and
tutorials, it is critical that each student attends all the scheduled lecture and tutorial
sessions. This is because due to the very nature of the delivery mechanism to be used, a
proportion of the material that will be delivered during these ses
sions will not be
accessible in an alternative format. In the event that a student has missed any sessions
due to valid constraints, it is incumbent upon such a student to make arrangements with
the lecturer within the shortest possible time after the miss
ed session in order for him/her
to be brought up to date with regard to the material that was covered during his/her
absence.




5.

CONSULTATION HOURS WITH LECTURER


The lecturer is available in the office for out
-
of
-
class consultations during the scheduled
t
imes as per the timetable displayed on the office door. For planning purposes, any
student wishing to utilize the allocated consulting hours shall make appointments in
advance. It is also possible, with necessary prior arrangements, to schedule consultatio
ns
with the lecturer outside the officially scheduled hours as per the timetable.



6.

COURSE EVALUATION


6.1

Two continuous assessment tests shall be taken by the students in the course of the
semester.


6.2

A project assignment shall be given to students in which

every student shall produce a
complete structural design presented in an acceptable format.


6.3

Final evaluation of the course will be based on the continuos evaluation of each
student’s performance based on the tests taken and the project assignment.
Calcul
ation of the course mark will be done as follows:
-

-

First continuous Assessment Test


=

30%

-

Second continuous Assessment Test =

30%

-

Project assignment




=

40%

-

Course mark





=

100%


6.4

To pass the course, the student must attain a course mark of
at least 50%.


6.5

Only valid excuses shall be acceptable for not attending a test. The lecturer shall
reserve a right to ask for a medical certificate and to contact any medical practitioner
in question to verify the situation. It is the student’s responsibil
ity to inform the
lecturer not more than 24 hours after the test date to make arrangements for an
alternative test date. The medical certificate, if applicable, must be produced for
examination by the lecturer immediately after the student’s return to clas
s.



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6.6

This being a continuous evaluation course (i.e. not assessed by an exam at the end of
the course), regulations governing supplementary tests and reevaluations for
“boundary cases” are as outlined in the departmental regulations for all continuous
eval
uation subjects attached hereto.



7.

COURSE CONTENT AND WORK PROGRAM


Week no.

Topic










Week 1

Applied Loads on structures
–

introduction, code of practice for general
procedures and loadings, loading patterns and Dead loads



Week 2

Applied Loads on
structures
–

imposed (Live) loads on floors and roofs,
introduction to Wind loads


Week 3

Applied Loads on structures
–

Evaluation of Wind loads



Week 4

Limit State Design
–

Limit state approach, partial factors, Limit states
equation and pattern loading

of structural members, Design analysis of
structures
–

simply supported beams, Continuos beams, pin
-
jointed trusses
and frames




Week 5

Structural steel element design
–

limit state design, axial compression
member design, classification of members; axia
l tension member design:
resistance & effective net area











C. A. Test 1


Week 6

Structural steel element design
–

members in bending: bending theory,
types of beams, continuos lateral support in beams & laterally unsupported
beams








Week 7

Str
uctural steel element design
–

deflection; shear; web stiffeners;
intermediate stiffeners









Week 8

Structural steel element design
–

Combined bending and shear; axial
compression and bending; axial tension and bending




Week 9

Structural steel conn
ection design
–

Bolted connections, welded
Connections











START OF PROJECT ASSIGNMENT


Week 10

Timber element design
–

introduction: source of structural timber,
variability in quality of structural timber; need for grading of timber,

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orientation of

grain in timber, various strength modification factors for
timber in structural design.


C. A. Test 2


Week 11

Timber element design
–

Section properties A, I and Ze, Limit states: the
load factors & resistance factors in timber design, Design of timber
m
embers in axial tension and Design of timber members in axial
compression and in bending and shear








Week 12

Timber element design
–

Design of timber members for deflection, design
of timber connections, designing of timber elements for fire.

Week 13

Computer applications in structural steel design




Week 14

Computer applications in structural timber design






HANDING IN OF PROJECT ASSIGNMENT


Week 15

Computer applications in structural timber design











8.

RECOMMENDED READING


1.

Structural Steelwo
rk

T.J. Macginley & T.C. Ang


2.

Structural Design in Wood

Judith J. Stalnaker & Ernest C. Harris


The following codes of practice will be issued to the students:
-



SABS 0160
–

1989: The general procedures and loadings to be adopted in
the design of buildings



SABS 0162
–

1: 1993: Limit states design of hot rolled steelwork



SABS 0163
–

Structural use of timber


9.

DETAILED COURSE SYLLABUS


9.1

Structural steel Design

9.1.1

Introduction

Locally applicable Structural steel design code, SABS 0162 part 1: 1993;
existence of oth
er design codes e.g. BS Steel design code.

9.1.2

Loads

Loading patterns, Dead loads, Floor and roof loads, wind loads

9.1.3

Limit state design


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Limit states approach to steel design, factoring of loads and resistances, limit state
equation, pattern loading

9.1.4

Analysis

Si
mply supported beams, continuous beams, pin
-
jointed trusses and frames

9.1.5

Element design

Classifications of members, design of members in axial tension, design of
members in axial compression, design of members in bending; Design
requirements for deflection a
nd shear; Design for combined bending and shear,
combined tension and shear, combined compression and shear

9.1.6

Design of structural steel work connections

Bolted connections, welded connections; Design of column base plates


9.2

Structural timber design


9.2.1

Introduc
tion



Applicable timber design code, SABS 0163
–

1: 1994



Natural variability in structural qualities of timber as an Engineering material
–

need for grading of timber; different grades of timber; criteria for the
grading (the 5% cut off point).



Orientation
of grain for timber and its effect on strength.



Modification factors for strength characteristics of timber due to:
-

-

Duration of load

-

Load sharing

-

Size effect of member

-

Moisture content

-

Pressure treatment


9.2.2

Design of structural timber members



Limit state
s criteria for design: ULS resistance vis
-
à
-
vis ULS loads and SLS
resistance vis
-
à
-
vis SLS loads



Section properties, A, I and Ze



Design of timber members in tension



Design of timber members in compression



Design of timber members in bending and shear resis
tance of timber



Deflection calculations for timber members and designing for deflection.



Design of timber members for fire



Design of connections for structural timber members




9.2.3

Computer applications in structural design of steel and timber



Use of “Prokon” a
nalysis and design programs