Broadband Forum
Focus: IPv6 Home Network
David Miles
david.miles@alcatel
-
lucent.com
The views in this presentation do not
represent the opinion of the Broadband Forum
or its members.
All document are Work In Progress.
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| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Disclaimer
3
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
What is the
Broadband Forum?
1
4
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
The Broadband Forum Vision
Develop the full potential of broadband around the world.
Mission
The Broadband Forum is a worldwide organization committed to rapidly creating
specifications for communication service providers and vendors that
-
Accelerate the development and deployment of broadband networks,
Foster successful interoperability,
Manage and deliver advanced IP services to the customer.
http://www.broadband
-
forum.org/about/mission.php
Forum History
The Broadband Forum
is a global consortium of nearly 200 leading industry players
covering telecommunications, equipment, computing, networking and service provider
companies.
Established in 1994, originally as the ADSL Forum and later the DSL Forum, the
Broadband Forum continues its drive for a global mass market for broadband, to
deliver the benefits of this technology to end users around the world over existing
copper telephone wire infrastructures.
http://www.broadband
-
forum.org/about/forumhistory.php
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| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
IPv6 for Consumer
Deployment Options
2
Native IPv6
IPv6
Internet
IPv6
Home
Network
IPv6
Gateway
IPv6
Internet
IPv4
Internet
Softwires from Client in the Home Network
Softwire
Concentrator
L2TP Tunnel
DSL Router
(Existing)
IPv6
Home
Network
Softwire Client
Native IPv6 using L2TP
IPv6
Home
Network
IPv6
Gateway
IPv6
Internet
IPv6 LNS
LAC
PPPoA
L2TP
Host Access using PPPoE
Bridge
IPv6
Internet
IPv6 LNS
LAC
PPPoE
L2TP
Host Access using Softwires
IPv4 Router
PPPoE
IPv6
Internet
IPv4
Internet
Softwire
Concentrator
L2TP Tunnel
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| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
IPv6 for Consumer
Broadband
WT
-
177 and WT
-
187
3
Routing Home Network
12
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Internet
Subnet A
Subnet B
IPv4
Ethernet
RFC 2684
ATM
DSL
TCP
UDP
IPv4
Ethernet
UDP
TCP
NAT Function
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
IPoE IWF
Ethernet
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
IPv4
IPv4
Ethernet
RFC 2684
ATM
DSL
IPv6
Ethernet
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
IPoE IWF
Ethernet
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
IPv6
IPv6
Routing
Routed Gateway with PPPoE WAN (1)
13
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Subnet A
Subnet B
Routed Gateway
PPPoE
PADI
–
PADO
–
PADR
-
PADS
BNG
PPP LCP
ConfReq
ConfReq
: MRU, Magic Number
PPP LCP
ConfReq
ConfReq
: MRU, Magic Number, Auth=PAP
PPP LCP
ConfAck
ConfReq
: MRU, Magic Number, Auth=PAP
PPP LCP
ConfAck
ConfReq
: MRU, Magic Number
PAP Authenticate
-
Request
Username (Peer
-
ID)+ Password
RADIUS
RADIUS Access
-
Request
User
-
Name, Password, Service
-
Name VSA
Service
-
Type=Framed, Framed
-
Protocol=PPP
RADIUS Access
-
Accept
Delegated
-
IPv6
-
Prefix, IPv6
-
DNS,
(IPv6
-
Address/Framed
-
IPv6
-
Pool)
Routed Gateway with PPPoE WAN (2)
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| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Subnet A
Subnet B
Routed Gateway
BNG
RADIUS
PAP Authenticate
-
Ack
IPv6CP
ConfReq
Interface
-
Id=
64
-
bit Interface ID/Client
IPv6CP
ConfAck
Interface
-
Id=
64
-
bit Interface ID/Client
IPv6CP
ConfReq
Interface
-
Id=
64
-
bit Interface ID/BNG
IPv6CP
ConfAck
Interface
-
Id=
64
-
bit Interface ID/Client
PPP
Phase
RADIUS Accounting
-
Request
Start, User
-
Name, Service
-
Name VSA
Service
-
Type=Framed, Framed
-
Protocol=PPP
Routed Gateway with PPPoE WAN (3)
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| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Subnet A
Subnet B
Routed Gateway
BNG
RADIUS
Multicast Router Advertisement
Numbered: M=1,O=0, No PIO
Un
-
numbered: M=0, O=1, No PIO
DHCPv6
Phase
DHCPv6 SOLICIT
IA_PD
-
Option, (IA_NA
-
Option), DNS
-
Servers Option
DHCPv6 ADVERTISE
IA_PD
-
Option + Prefix, (IA_NA)
DHCPv6 REQUEST
IA_PD
-
Option, (IA_NA
-
Option), DNS
-
Servers Option
DHCPv6 REPLY
IA_PD
-
Option + Prefix, (IA_NA)
Routed Gateway with Ethernet WAN (1)
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| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Subnet A
Subnet B
Routed Gateway
BNG
RADIUS
Multicast Router Advertisement
Numbered: M=1,O=0, No PIO
Un
-
numbered: M=0, O=1, No PIO
DHCPv6
Phase
DHCPv6 SOLICIT
IA_PD
-
Option, (IA_NA
-
Option), DNS
-
Servers Option
DHCPv6 ADVERTISE
IA_PD
-
Option + Prefix, (IA_NA)
DHCPv6 REQUEST
IA_PD
-
Option, (IA_NA
-
Option), DNS
-
Servers Option
DHCPv6 REPLY
IA_PD
-
Option + Prefix, (IA_NA)
RADIUS Access
-
Request
User
-
Name, Password, Service
-
Name VSA
Service
-
Type=Framed
RADIUS Access
-
Accept
Delegated
-
IPv6
-
Prefix, IPv6
-
DNS,
(IPv6
-
Address/Framed
-
IPv6
-
Pool)
Bridged Home with PPPoE Host
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| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Internet
RFC 2684
ATM
DSL
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
Ethernet
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
IPv4
IPv4
RFC 2684
ATM
DSL
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
Ethernet
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
IPv6
IPv6
Ethernet
Ethernet
Bridge
Bridge
PPPoE
PPPoE
Bridged Home with PPPoE Host (1)
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| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Bridge
PPPoE
PADI
–
PADO
–
PADR
-
PADS
BNG
PPP LCP
ConfReq
ConfReq
: MRU, Magic Number
PPP LCP
ConfReq
ConfReq
: MRU, Magic Number, Auth=PAP
PPP LCP
ConfAck
ConfReq
: MRU, Magic Number, Auth=PAP
PPP LCP
ConfAck
ConfReq
: MRU, Magic Number
PAP Authenticate
-
Request
Username (Peer
-
ID)+ Password
RADIUS
RADIUS Access
-
Request
User
-
Name, Password, Service
-
Name VSA
Service
-
Type=Framed, Framed
-
Protocol=PPP
RADIUS Access
-
Accept
IPv6
-
DNS, Framed
-
IPv6
-
Prefix
PPPoE
Client
Bridged Home with PPPoE Host (2)
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| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
PAP Authenticate
-
Ack
IPv6CP
ConfReq
Interface
-
Id=
64
-
bit Interface ID/Client
IPv6CP
ConfAck
Interface
-
Id=
64
-
bit Interface ID/Client
IPv6CP
ConfReq
Interface
-
Id=
64
-
bit Interface ID/BNG
IPv6CP
ConfAck
Interface
-
Id=
64
-
bit Interface ID/Client
PPP
Phase
RADIUS Accounting
-
Request
Start, User
-
Name, Service
-
Name VSA
Service
-
Type=Framed, Framed
-
Protocol=PPP
Bridge
BNG
RADIUS
PPPoE
Client
Bridged Home with PPPoE Host (3)
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| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Multicast Router Advertisement
M=0, O=1
Prefix Information Option:
from Framed
-
IPv6
-
Prefix
Optional
DHCPv6
Stateless
Phase
DHCPv6 INFORMATION
-
REQUEST
DNS
-
Servers Option
DHCPv6 REPLY
DNS
-
Servers Option
Anti
-
Spoofing
Installed
Bridge
BNG
RADIUS
PPPoE
Client
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| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Prefix Size
Broadband Subscribers
4
IPv4 and IPv6 Routing Gateways
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| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Internet
IPv4
Ethernet
RFC 2684
ATM
DSL
TCP
UDP
IPv4
Ethernet
UDP
TCP
NAT Function
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
IPoE IWF
Ethernet
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
IPv4
IPv4
Ethernet
RFC 2684
ATM
DSL
IPv6
Ethernet
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
IPoE IWF
Ethernet
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
IPv6
IPv6
Routing
IPv4 and IPv6 Routing Gateways
23
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Internet
Ethernet
RFC 2684
ATM
DSL
TCP
UDP
Ethernet
UDP
TCP
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
IPoE IWF
Ethernet
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
IPv4
IPv4
Ethernet
RFC 2684
ATM
DSL
Ethernet
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
IPoE IWF
Ethernet
802.1ad
Ethernet
802.3 PHY
IPv6
IPv6
IPv4
IPv4
NAT Function
IPv6
Routing
Network Address Translation
Customer
-
selected addresses on LAN
IPv6 Routed
Provider
-
assigned addresses on the LAN
IPv6 Prefix Delegation
24
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
•
Allows the routing gateway to receive a range of IPv6 addresses (a prefix) that are
valid for that subscriber. The gateway must manage the assignment of individual
addresses to hosts outside the scope of Prefix Delegation.
Routing
Gateway
BNG
DHCPv6 Solicit
IA_PD Option
DHCPv6 Advertise
IA_PD: Prefix Option: <prefix>
DHCPv6 Request
IA_PD: Prefix Option: <prefix>
DHCPv6 Reply
IA_PD: Prefix Option: <prefix>
Contents of the Prefix Delegation Option
25
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Option IA_PD
Timer 1
0
16
32
option
-
length
IAID
Timer 2
Option IAPREFIX
option
-
length
Preferred Lifetime
Valid Lifetime
prefix
-
length
IPv6 Prefix
IPv6 Prefix
Contents of the Prefix Delegation Option
26
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Option IA_PD
0
16
32
option
-
length
IAID
Option IAPREFIX
option
-
length
Contact the delegating router at this time to extend
Contact _any_ delegating router at this time to extend
Preferred Lifetime of addresses derived from this prefix
Valid Lifetime of addresses derived from this prefix
prefix
-
length
IPv6 Prefix
IPv6 Prefix
How Small?
If Stateless Address Auto
-
Configuration (SLAAC) is to
be supported, the prefix
-
length of any IPv6 link
must be exactly 64
-
bits
::/64
RFC 4862:
“If the sum of the prefix length [in the PIO] and the
interface identifier length is not equal to 128 bits, the Prefix
Information option MUST be ignored”
RFC 2464: IPv6 over Ethernet
The Interface Identifier is 64
-
bits and is based on the EUI
-
64
format.
27
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
How Big?
28
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Single Subnet
Internet
Subnet A
Internet
Subnet B
Internet
Subnet A
Subnet A
Subnet B
Two Subnets
Cascading Routers
Subnet C
The views
http://www.apnic.net/policy/ipv6
-
guidelines.html
An LIR can assign a /64 to /48 to an end site customer network based on their
requirements. The following guidelines may be useful:
/64 where it is known that only one subnet is required.
/56 for small sites where it is expected only a few subnets will be required within the next
two years. Subscribers can receive a /56 when connecting through on
-
demand or always
-
on
connections such as small office and home office enterprises.
/48 for larger sites, or if an end site is expected to grow into a large network.
An LIR must submit a second opinion request to APNIC if it plans to assign more than a /48
to a single end site
Assignments for networks equal to or greater than /48 must be registered.
29
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
What is the impact?
Using a prefix longer than a ::/56 does not affect
your allocation. HD
-
Ratio is calculated against ::/56
prefixes.
The use of a shorter prefix does not increase the
number of routes or FIB entries in Service Provider
infrastructure.
In the minimum /32 LIR allocation, there are:
16,777,216 ::/56
6,183,533 ::/56 at HD
-
Ratio 0.94
30
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
How many subnets is enough?
With cascading routers we must support at least two
subnets.
The closest nibble is a /60, with 16 subnets.
WT
-
187 and WT
-
177 Requirement:
R
-
xx: A minimum delegation of a ::/60 to a Routing
Gateway.
R
-
xx: A recommended delegation of a ::/56 to a
Routing Gateway.
31
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
32
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
IPv6 Addressing
Importance of Persistent Addresses
5
Impact of Valid & Preferred Lifetimes
Address
Preferred Life
Valid Life
State
fe80::
aaaa
Infinite
Infinite
Preferred
0:00:00
Host links can come up before the broadband connection.
Impact of Valid & Preferred Lifetimes
Address
Preferred Life
Valid Life
State
fe80::
aaaa
Infinite
Infinite
Preferred
2001:db8:1::
aaaa
3,600
43,200
Preferred
DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation
T1: 30 min T2: 48 min
IA_PD: 2001:db8:1::/64
Preferred: 3600 Valid: 43200
Router Advertisement
PIO: 2001:db8:1::/64
Preferred: 3600 Valid: 43200
Autonomous, On
-
Link
0:01:00
DHCPv6
-
PD options used in Router Advertisements.
Impact of Valid & Preferred Lifetimes
Address
Preferred Life
Valid
Life
State
fe80::
aaaa
Infinite
Infinite
Preferred
2001:db8:1::
aaaa
3,570
43,170
Preferred
0:01:30
Lifetimes are tracked by the Host and decremented.
Impact of Valid & Preferred Lifetimes
Router Advertisement
PIO: 2001:db8:1::/64
Preferred: 3565 Valid: 43165
Autonomous, On
-
Link
0:01:35
Address
Preferred Life
Valid
Life
State
fe80::
aaaa
Infinite
Infinite
Preferred
2001:db8:1::
aaaa
3,565
43,165
Preferred
And the RG also tracks lifetimes so that any RA
are accurate.
Impact of Valid & Preferred Lifetimes
Address
Preferred Life
Valid Life
State
fe80::
aaaa
Infinite
Infinite
Preferred
2001:db8:1::
aaaa
3,560
43,160
Preferred
0:01:40
Router Advertisement
ROUTER LIFETIME: 0
PIO: 2001:db8:1::/64
Preferred: 3560 Valid: 43160
Autonomous, On
-
Link
If the Broadband Link goes down, set Router Lifetime
to zero (0) so that the RG is not used as default router.
Impact of Valid & Preferred Lifetimes
Address
Preferred Life
Valid Life
State
fe80::
aaaa
Infinite
Infinite
Preferred
2001:db8:1::
aaaa
3,500
43,100
Preferred
0:02:40
Router Advertisement
ROUTER LIFETIME: 0
PIO: 2001:db8:1::/64
Preferred: 3500 Valid: 43100
Autonomous, On
-
Link
Prefixes are still valid even when link is down.
RA continue to be sent.
Impact of Valid & Preferred Lifetimes
Address
Valid Lifetime
Preferred
Lifetime
State
fe80::
aaaa
Infinite
Infinite
Preferred
2001:db8:1::
aaaa
0
39,500
Deprecated
1:02:40
Impact of Valid & Preferred Lifetimes
Address
Preferred Life
Valid Life
State
fe80::
aaaa
Infinite
Infinite
Preferred
2001:db8:1::
aaaa
3,600
43,200
Preferred
DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation
T1: 30 min T2: 48 min
IA_PD: 2001:db8:1::/64
Preferred: 3600 Valid: 43200
Router Advertisement
PIO: 2001:db8:1::/64
Preferred: 3600 Valid: 43200
Autonomous, On
-
Link
1:05:00
Whenever DHCPv6
-
PD provides the RG new lifetimes
these are reflected in the RA
Impact of Changing Prefixes
1:06:00
Address
Preferred Life
Valid Life
State
fe80::
aaaa
Infinite
Infinite
Preferred
2001:db8:1::
aaaa
3,540
43,140
Preferred
Impact of Changing Prefixes
1:07:00
Address
Preferred Life
Valid Life
State
fe80::
aaaa
Infinite
Infinite
Preferred
2001:db8:1::
aaaa
3,540
43,140
Preferred
2001:db8:2::
aaaa
3,600
43,200
Preferred
DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation
T1: 30 min T2: 48 min
IA_PD:
2001:db8:2::/64
Preferred: 3600 Valid: 43200
Router Advertisement
PIO:
2001:db8:2::/64
Preferred: 3600 Valid: 43200
Autonomous, On
-
Link
Source Address Selection is NOT deterministic, however the
Broadband Network Gateway is only expecting traffic
sourced from 2001:db8:2::/64
Better Behaviour
1:07:00
Address
Preferred Life
Valid Life
State
fe80::
aaaa
Infinite
Infinite
Preferred
2001:db8:1::
aaaa
0
43,080
Deprecated
2001:db8:2::
aaaa
3,600
43,200
Preferred
DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation
T1: 30 min T2: 48 min
IA_PD:
2001:db8:2::/64
Preferred: 3600 Valid: 43200
On
-
Link
Router Advertisement
PIO: 2001:db8:1::/64
PREFERRED: 0
Valid: 43080
Autonomous, On
-
Link
PIO: 2001:db8:2::/64
Preferred: 3600 Valid: 43200
Autonomous, On
-
Link
Instead, let us Deprecate the old addresses.
We cannot invalidate because of DoS
-
protection rules.
Better Behaviour
1:07:30
Router Advertisement
PIO:
2001:db8:2::/64
Preferred: 3540 Valid: 43140
Autonomous, On
-
Link
Address
Preferred Life
Valid Life
State
fe80::
aaaa
Infinite
Infinite
Preferred
2001:db8:1::
aaaa
0
43,020
Deprecated
2001:db8:2::
aaaa
3,540
43,140
Preferred
Source Address Selection will now prefer the new
address space.
45
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
IPv6 Addressing
Minimising Prefix Changes
6
46
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Address Hierarchy @ BNG
–
Day 2
2001:db8:0:0::/56
2001:d8b::/39
2001:db8:0:200::/56
2001:db8:0:100::/56
2001:db8:0:300::/56
2001:db8:0:400::/56
2001:db8:0:500::/56
2001:db8:200:0::/56
2001:db8:200:100::/56
2001:db8:200:200::/56
2001:d8b:200:/39
Route table
------------------------------------------------------------
2001:db8::/39
aggregate
lo0
2001:db8:0:0::/56
subscriber
eth1
2001:db8:0:100::/56
subscriber
eth1
...
Route table
------------------------------------------------------------
2001:db8:200:/39
aggregate
lo0
2001:db8:200:0::/56
subscriber
eth1
2001:db8:200:100::/56
subscriber
eth1
...
47
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Address Hierarchy @ DSLAM
–
Day 1
2001:db8:0:0::/56
2001:d8b::/46
2001:db8:0:200::/56
2001:db8:0:100::/56
2001:db8:4:0::/56
2001:db8:4:100::/56
2001:db8:4:200::/56
2001:db8:8:0::/56
2001:db8:8:100::/56
2001:db8:8:200::/56
2001:d8b:4::/46
2001:d8b:8::/46
Route table
------------------------------------------------------------
2001:db8::/46
aggregate
lo0
2001:db8:4::/46
aggregate
lo0
2001:db8:8::/46
aggregate
lo0
2001:db8:0:0::/56
subscriber
eth1
2001:db8:0:100::/56
subscriber
eth1
...
48
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Address Hierarchy @ DSLAM
–
Day 2
2001:db8:0:0::/56
2001:db8:0:200::/56
2001:db8:0:100::/56
2001:db8:4:0::/56
2001:db8:4:100::/56
2001:db8:4:200::/56
2001:db8:8:0::/56
2001:db8:8:100::/56
2001:db8:8:200::/56
Route table
------------------------------------------------------------
2001:db8::/46
aggregate
lo0
2001:db8:4::/46
aggregate
lo0
2001:db8:0:0::/56
subscriber
eth1
2001:db8:0:100::/56
subscriber
eth1
...
Route table
------------------------------------------------------------
2001:db8:8:/46
aggregate
lo0
2001:db8:8:0::/56
subscriber
eth1
2001:db8:8:100::/56
subscriber
eth1
...
2001:d8b::/46
2001:d8b:4::/46
2001:d8b:8::/46
Address Hierarchy
Prefix Delegation
The BNG should aggregate subscriber /56 prefixes into
supernets within the service provider domain. The aim is
to reduce the size of the service provider routing table.
Logically group prefixes by the largest logical device
(switch, DSLAM, etc) that is persistent regardless of normal
network rearrangement.
49
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
Recommend: Each access node should be represented by its own unique prefix
-
pool
when DHCPv6 PD is in use
50
| Pr esentation Title | Month 2007
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-
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