Wireless Internet and m-Business



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Wireless Internet and m
-
Business

Outline

6.1

Introduction

6.2

Wireless Devices

6.3

m
-
Business

6.4

Wireless Internet Access

6.5

Wireless Web Technology


6.5.1

Web Clipping


6.5.2

WAP and WML

6.6

Software Applications for Wireless Devices

6.7

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)

6.8

Bluetooth

6.9

Wireless Communications

6.10

Location Tracking


6.10.1

Global Positioning System


6.10.2

E911 Act

6.11

Future of Wireless Internet


6.11.1

Implications for Disabled People


6.11.2

Ultimate Wireless Device




2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.1 Introduction

•
Wireless technology turns e
-
business into
m
-
business
, or mobile business


•
Current applications

–
Conduct online transactions

–
Make purchases

–
Trade stocks

–
Send e
-
mail


•
Future applications

–
A
wireless office
, where computers, phones and other office
equipment are all networked without cables




2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.2 Wireless Devices

•
Wireless development

–
First
-
generation wireless technology was the cellular phone


–
Second generation wireless technology, which includes
digital cellular phones, is currently in use worldwide


–
Third generation, or
3G

technology will enable wireless
devices to send and receive data as much as seven times
faster than a standard 56K modem


•
Wireless devices

–
Personal digital assistants (PDAs)

–
Digital cellular phones

–
Two
-
way pagers





2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.2 Wireless Devices

•
Outside the United States, mobile phones are the
preferred medium for getting information and
making e
-
business transactions


•
Service is not universally available and
still
relatively expensive


•
Limited bandwidth restricts the amount of data
that can be sent over the wireless network


•
Wireless devices have significantly smaller
memory capacity and less powerful processors
than desktop computers




2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.3 m
-
Business

•
m
-
Business

–
e
-
Business using wireless devices with Internet access


–
B2C marketplace

•
Increased conveniences for consumers

•
Frequent, small transactions

•
Receiving news, sports scores, e
-
mail, coupons and
advertisements

–
B2B marketplace

•
Salespeople can access product databases and place orders

•
Address customer needs immediately

•
Ordering and billing will be conducted remotely



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.3 m
-
Business

•
Blackberry

–
BlackBerry Exchange Edition

–
BlackBerry Internet Edition





2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.3 m
-
Business

Blackberry Home Page. (Courtesy of

Research in Motion Limited. The Blackberry and RIM families of

related marks, images and symbols are the exclusive property of, and trademarks of Research in Motion

Limited, used by permission.)



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.4 Wireless Internet Access

•
Code Division Multiple Access

(CDMA)

–
Each transmission is assigned a specific channel, giving the
transmission the benefit of the entire bandwidth within that
channel and reducing the possibility that a connection will
be broken

–
Able to assign each transmission on the network a unique
code to ensure security

•
Global System for Mobile Communications

(
GSM
)

–
Uses Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) which takes
multiple calls and assigns each call to a different time slot on
the same radio frequency



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.4 Wireless Internet Access

•
3G technologies

–
EDGE

–
Cdma2000

–
W
-
CDMA

•
International Telecommunications Union

(ITU)

–
Establishes guidelines for 3G



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sprint PCS

•
Sprint PCS

–
A nationwide network that offers an array of wireless solutions for
both business and personal applications


•
The main technology driving the PCS network is CDMA


•
UP.Browser


–
Sprint’s wireless Web browser

–
Users can view Web sites designed for wireless Web browsers


•
Wireless Web Connection Kit


–
Allows customers to use their PCS phones as modems to connect
their laptops to the Internet over the Sprint PCS network


•
Wireless Web Updates




2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

GoAmerica

•
GoAmerica

–
Wireless Internet service provider

–
Services include Internet access, Web browsing and e
-
mail
capabilities for a variety of wireless devices, including PDAs
and two
-
way pagers

•
Go.Web

–
Wireless Web browser gives users access to e
-
mail and Web

–
Compresses sites to reduce download time

•
MyGo.Web


–
Allows users to access information specific to their needs



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.5 Wireless Web Technology

•
Three technologies are used to provide Web
access to wireless devices

–
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

–
Web clipping

–
Microsoft’s Pocket Internet Explorer



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.5.1 Web Clipping

•
Web clipping

–
Allows users to take relevant pieces of a Web site and
deliver it to a wireless device, eliminating excess content and
graphics

–
Palm devices use Web clipping

•
Proxy server

–
Lies between client (such as a Web browser) and Web server

–
Query is received by a proxy server controlled by the
wireless ISP

–
Proxy server goes to the Web site and “clips” the necessary
data

•
The proxy server transmits the data back to your wireless
device

•
If the proxy server does not have the information, it passes the
request to the regular server



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.5.1Personal Digital Assistants

•
Palm VII wireless handheld computer

•
Query Application Builder
(
QAB
)

–
Web designers build
Palm Query Applications
(PQAs) to be
installed on users’ Palm handheld computers





2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.5.1 Personal Digital Assistants

Palm Web Clipping Applications Library. (Courtesy of Palm, Inc.)



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.5.1 Personal Digital Assistants

Palm VII Handheld. (Courtesy of Palm, Inc.)



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.5.2 WAP and WML

•
Wireless Application Protocol
(
WAP
)


–
Developed by Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola, etc.

–
A set of communication protocols designed to enable
different kinds of wireless devices to communicate and
access the Internet

–
Designed to standardize development across different
wireless technologies worldwide

–
Intended primarily for Internet
-
enabled digital phones,
pagers and other handheld devices

–
Uses Web sites specifically designed for wireless handheld
devices that have small screens and low
-
bandwidth
constraints



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.5.2 WAP and WML

•
Wireless Markup Language (WML)

–
The scripting language used to create Web content to be
delivered to wireless handheld devices, based on XML

–
Removes “unnecessary” content from Web pages

–
WML tags are used to “mark up” a Web page to specify how
the page should be formatted on a wireless device

–
WML works with the WAP to deliver the content

–
Similar to HTML, but it does not require input devices

•
Microbrowsers

–
Designed with limited bandwidth and limited memory
requirements

–
Access the Web via the wireless Internet



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.5.2 WAP and WML

•
How wireless Internet works:

–
A WAP gateway, which acts as a proxy server, receives the
request, translates it and sends it to the appropriate Internet
server

–
Server responds by sending the requested WML document

–
The WAP gateway parses this document's WML (i.e., it
analyzes the WML document, checking it for correctness)
and sends the proper text to the digital phone

•
Deck

A WML document

•
Card

–
Consists of one user interaction, providing the WML
browser with a small, self
-
contained document for browsing





2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.5.2 WAP and WML


Rendering a WML document using Nokia’s Browser. (© 2000 Nokia Mobile
Phones.)



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.6 Software Appliances for Wireless
Devices

•
No widely accepted standard for wireless
development

•
Developers are often required to develop multiple
applications

•
Microsoft Pocket Internet Explorer

–
Reformats complete Web pages as they are downloaded
from the Internet for display on the Pocket PC

–
Allows Pocket PC users to access most of the content
currently available on the Web and eliminates the need to
tailor Web content for delivery to handheld devices

•
PacketVideo

–
Specializes in wireless video technology for mobile devices





2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.6 Software Appliances for Wireless
Devices

Microsoft Pocket PC Devices. (Courtesy of Microsoft Corporation, Casio Computer

Co., Ltd., Compaq Corporation, Hewlett Packard and Symbol Technologies, Inc.)



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.6 Software Appliances for Wireless
Devices

Microsoft’s Pocket Internet Explorer. (Courtesy of Microsoft Corporation

and Compaq Corporation.)



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.6 Software Appliances for Wireless
Devices

Demo of a video delivered to a wireless device using PacketVideo. (Courtesy of

PacketVideo Corporation.)



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.7 Wireless Local Area Networks

•
Easier to install and maintain without disrupting
an office

•
Computers can easily be moved without having to
install a new network connection in each location

•
Radio Frequency WLANs

(RF WLANs)

–
Used to network devices at a distance

•
Infrared and laser WLANs

–
Do not require FCC approval

–
Do not have the same interference issues

–
Can be used only for short distances



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.7 Wireless Local Area Networks

•
Infrared technology

–
More cost efficient than laser technology


–
Equipment has a longer lifespan

–
Technology is less susceptible to weather

–
Reliable and easy to install

–
The system is portable

•
Transceivers

–
Send the signal between the buildings and are linked to the
network using fiber
-
optic cable (used with infrared
technology)



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.8 Bluetooth

•
Bluetooth

–
A wireless technology that provides short
-
range, high
-
speed
voice and data communication between digital devices

–
Conceived by Ericsson in 1994

–
Provides up to 1 Mbps (megabits per second) of data transfer
capability between devices as much as 30 feet apart

–
Can also be used to create wireless offices

•
Bluetooth Special Interest Group

–
Initially comprising Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Toshiba and Nokia

–
Developed an open specification for the technology and to
encouraged cross
-
platform capabilities for the different
wireless devices




2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.9 Wireless Communications

•
Wireless communications can be unreliable and
slow, wireless
-
device bandwidth is about one fifth
of the capabilities of a standard dial
-
up connection

•
General packet radio services (GPRS)

–
Enables devices to transmit data at speeds of up to 114 kbps

•
Universal mobile telecommunications standard
(UMTS)

–
Will offer transfer speeds of up to 2 Mbps for wireless
devices

•
Smart phones

–
Mobile phones that send and receive both voice and data
messages

–
Used to securely send and receive secure mobile transactions



2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.10 Location Tracking

•
Location tracking

–
Can be used for navigation, such as GPS (Global Positioning
System) devices installed in cars

–
Can be used by shipping companies to track delivery trucks,
giving customers more accurate tracking information and
expected delivery time

–
Can also be used for targeted marketing

–
Go2systems.com


•
NEAR

magazine




2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.10.1 Global Positioning System
(GPS)

•
Developed by the United States Department of Defense for
military purposes, now used in commercial devices


–
Standard Positioning Service (SPS)

–
Precise Positioning Service (PPS)

•
Uses satellites to track a user’s position (vertical and
horizontal), velocity and the time in their location

•
Six circular orbits (four satellites per orbit), five ground
stations and three antennas


•
Triangulation

–
Three (of four) satellites are used to determine the latitude,
longitude and altitude of the receiver, the fourth satellite is
used to check for errors in the triangulation




2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.10.2 E911 Act

•
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

E911 Act

–
D
esigned to standardize and enhance 911 service across
mobile devices


–
Improve emergency response time to 911 calls placed using
cellular phones


–
Requires all wireless cellular carriers to provide Automatic
Number Information (ANI)


–
Mandates that all mobile
-
phone carriers provide
Automatic
Location Identification (ALI)


•
Disabilities Issues Task Force


–
Provide hearing
-

and speech
-
impaired people with access to
911 service through mobile devices





2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.10.2 E911 Act

•
Benefits

–
Emergency response teams can accurately locate callers,
improving response time


–
Emergency response teams can accurately locate if a call is
breaking up or the caller cannot be understood by the
emergency operator

–
Locate friends nearby

–
Obtain up
-
to
-
the
-
minute traffic information

•
Challenges

–
Constant tracking abilities threaten privacy

–
Advertising and third party organization solicitation




2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.11 Future of Wireless Internet

•
Decreasing cost and size of wireless phones and
mobile devices

•
Improving technology

•
Increasing number of devices made wireless

•
Increased venture capitalist interest in wireless
technology





2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.11.1 Implications for Disabled
People

•
Navigational capabilities for people with visual
disabilities

–
Communication between traffic signals and wireless device

•
Text displays of verbal communication for people
with hearing disabilities

•
Close
-
captioned broadcasting to television and
radio

•
Patients with Alzheimer’s

–
Exact location, the location of the nearest police station and
contact information for family members







2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.11.2 Ultimate Wireless Device

•
Combination of all features of
a mobile phone,
PDA and two
-
way pager


•
Camera for video telephony and photography

•
Make calls from anywhere in the world


•
Send and receive e
-
mail in real
-
time, without
having to dial into a service provider


•
Maintain your address book, schedules, to
-
do lists,
etc.

•
Built
-
in GPS System