C
hair
of
Medical Biology, M
icrobiology,
V
irology,
and I
mmunology
THE HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY.
Lecturer As. Prof. O. Pokryshko
Why Study Microbiology?
Pharmaceuticals
Vaccines/Antibiotics
Biotechnology
Bioremediation
Pathogenicity
Fundamental Biology
Microbiology
The study of microorganisms
Microorganisms
living
things too small to be seen
with the unaided eye
Microorganisms = Microbes
Microorganisms
Divided into six groups
Bacteria
Archae
Algae
Fungi
Protozoa
Viruses
History of Microbiology
Microbes discovered >300yrs
Known to man during the mid
1800s
Period of progress began &
continues to the present
Periods
of microbiology development
Morphologic
Physiologic
Prophylactic
Morphological period
in
microbiology history
(XVII middle of age).
It
is
also
called
micrographycal
period,
as
the
study
of
microorganism
came
only
to
description
of
their
dimensions
and
forms
.
Biological
properties
and
their
significances
for
man
still
a
long
time
remained
incomprehensible
.
Experimental phase
Leeuwenhoek
Pasteur
Koch
Lister
Before 17th century, study of microbiology was
hampered by the lack of appropriate tools to
observe microbes.
Robert Hooke
: In 1665 built a compound light
microscope and used it to observe thin slices of
cork. Coined the word
cell
.
Anton van Leeuwenhoeck:
In 1673 was the
first person to observe live microorganisms
which he called “
animalcules
” (bacteria,
protozoa), using single
-
lens microscopes that he
designed. He observed 50,000 different
specimens, reported findings to the Royal Society
of London
Edward Jenner
( 1796)
Smallpox
immunity / Vaccine
Pasteurization:
Developed a process in
which liquids are heated (at 65
o
C) to kill
most bacteria responsible for spoilage.
Disease Causes
: Identified three different
microbes that caused silkworm diseases.
Vaccine:
Developed a vaccine for rabies
from dried spinal cords of infected rabbits.
Directed Pasteur Institute until his death in
1895.
Pasteur’s Contributions:
French Chemist Pasteur
(1861)
Joseph Lister (1859):
Used
disinfectant to treat surgical wounds,
greatly reducing infection rates.
Considered the father of antiseptic
surgery.
Robert Koch (1876):
First person proved that microorganisms
caused diseases
Only specific microorganisms caused
specific diseases
Studied anthrax
affects cattle & humans
Proved that
Bacillus anthracis
causes
anthrax in cattle.
Later identified bacterium that causes
tuberculosis.
Study of viruses
Iwanoski (1892)
studying
diseases of tobacco plants
Discovered TMV
Filterable viruses
P
rophylactic period
After 1914
Classic
Metchnikov's
researches
defined
a
prophylactic
period
in
microbiology
history
.
The Patriarch of world and Ukrainian
microbiology
-
I. Metchnikov
Paul Ehrlich (1910
): Search for “
magic bullet
”.
Discovered salvarsan, an arsenic derivative, was
effective against syphilis. (
1
st
synthetic drug to
come in to widespread use)
Alexander Fleming (1928)
: Discovered that
penicillin produced by the mold
Penicillium notatum
was able to prevent microbial growth.
Penicillin
came into use 10 yrs later
-
By the 1940s known as the
“wonder drug”
Rene Dubos (1939):
Discovered two antibiotics
(gramidin and tyrocidine) produced by bacterium
(
Bacillus brevis
).
Enter the password to open this PDF file:
File name:
-
File size:
-
Title:
-
Author:
-
Subject:
-
Keywords:
-
Creation Date:
-
Modification Date:
-
Creator:
-
PDF Producer:
-
PDF Version:
-
Page Count:
-
Preparing document for printing…
0%
Comments 0
Log in to post a comment