©
2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
©
2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Soil Erosion and Sediment Assessment
in the Great Lakes Basin
Da Ouyang, Jon Bartholic
Institute of Water Research
Michigan State University
James Selegean
US Army Corps of Engineers
-
Detroit District
Great Lakes Hydraulics and Hydrology Office
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
©
2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
•
Introduction
•
Methodology
•
Data Source and Processing
•
Results
Soil Erosion and Sediment Assessment
in the Great Lakes Basin
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
©
2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
•
“Broad
-
brush” analysis on sediment load in the GLB
•
Assist in prioritizing tributary modeling efforts
•
Reviewing various erosion and sediment transport models
•
Modeling upland erosion and sediment transport
•
Mapping sediment contributing areas in the GLB
•
Collecting data with various GIS layers for future modeling efforts
Introduction
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Fact Sheet
•
Water surface area: 94,680 square miles
•
Drainage area: 291,200 square miles
•
8 states (US) and 2 Canadian provinces
•
244 counties (U.S.)
•
109 sub
-
watersheds (USGS 8
-
digit)
•
About 35 projects are dredged each year
•
About 3.8 million cubic yards of sediment at a cost of
$20.6 million each year
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
©
2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
•
GIS
-
based Models
•
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation
–
RUSLE
•
Spatially Explicit Sediment Delivery Model
–
SEDMOD
Methodology
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
©
2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
RUSLE
A = R K LS C P
A = Soil loss in tons per acre per year
R = Rainfall
-
runoff erosivity factor
K = Soil erodibility factor
S = Slop steepness factor
L = Slope length factor
C = Cover
-
management factor
P = Support practice factor
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2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Sediment Yield
SY = A * SDR
Where SY = Sediment Yield
A = Gross Soil Loss
SDR = Sediment Delivery Ratio
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2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Sediment Delivery Ratios
(spatially lumped model)
SDR =
A
Where SDR = sediment delivery ratio
A = watershed size
,
= coefficients
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
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2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Spatially Explicit Sediment Delivery Model (SEDMOD)
(Adjusted the spatially lumped model)
SDR = 39 A
–
1/8
+
DP
Where SDR = sediment delivery ratio
A = watershed area in square km
DP = difference between the composite delivery
potential and its mean value
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
©
2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
SEDMOD
Delivery Potential composite layer in GRID
DP = (SG)r(SG)w + (SS)r(SS)w + (SR)r(SR)w +
(SP)r(SP)w + (ST)r(ST)w + (OF)r(OF)w
Where SG = slope gradient
SS = slope shape
SR = surface roughness
SP = stream proximity
ST = soil texture
OF = overland flow index
r = parameter rating (1
-
100)
w = weighting factor (0
-
1)
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2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Land Cover
Roughness
Landuse/Tillage
C factor
Soil
Clay content
Soil erodibility
K factor
DEM
LS factor
Delivery
Ratio
Soil
Erosion
Sediment
Yield
P factor
R factor
A Flowchart of Modeling
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
©
2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Data Sources
•
EPA’s BASINS dataset (USGS/USDA)
(DEM, STATSGO soils, Land use/Landcover)
•
Agricultural Profile Project in the GLB
(Base maps)
•
Other (e.g. RUSLE2)
(Rainfall
-
Runoff Erosivity Factor R)
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
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2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Data Processing
(Area
-
weighted average)
clay1 = (clay1_high + clay1_low) / 2
clay2 = (clay2_high + clay2_low) / 2
……
For a map unit polygon:
Average clay = clay1 * (component1)% +
clay2 * (component2)% +
.…..
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2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Elevation in the Great Lakes Basin
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Stream Network in the Great Lakes Basin
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Land Use in the Great Lakes Basin
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Agricultural Cropland in the Great Lakes Basins
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Rainfall
-
Runoff Erosivity R Factor
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Results
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2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Estimated Potential Soil Loss from Cropland in
the Great Lakes Basin
0
10000000
20000000
30000000
40000000
50000000
60000000
70000000
Potential Soil Loss (tons/yr.)
Conventional
Tillage
Reduced Tillage
No Till
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2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Estimated Sediment Load from Cropland in
the Great Lakes Basin
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
12000000
14000000
16000000
Estimated Sediment Load
(tons/yr)
Conventional Tillage
Reduced Tillage
No Till
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
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2003 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Estimated Soil Erosion from Cropland (tons/yr.)
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Estimated Potential Sediment Loading
Contributed from Cropland (tons/yr.)
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Estimated Average Erosion and Sediment Rate
(tons/acre/year)
Ave. Erosion
(tons/acre/yr.)
Ave. Sediment
(tons/acre/yr.)
Conventional
Tillage
1.82
0.43
Reduced Tillage
0.83
0.19
No Till
0.30
0.07
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Estimated Average Soil Loss from Cropland
(tons/acre/year)
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Top 10 Contributing Watersheds
(USGS 8
-
digit sub
-
watersheds)
Total Soil Erosion
(tons/yr.)
Total Sediment
(tons/yr.)
1
SENECA
SENECA
2
UPPER GENESEE
ST. JOSEPH
3
ST. JOSEPH
UPPER GENESEE
4
WOLF
SANDUSKY
5
MANITOWOC-SHEBOYGAN
WOLF
6
KALAMAZOO
MANITOWOC-SHEBOYGAN
7
SANDUSKY
KALAMAZOO
8
LOWER GENESEE
GRAND, OH
9
LOWER GRAND
LOWER GENESEE
10
GRAND, OH
CHAUTAUQUA-CONNEAUT
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Top 10 Watersheds with Potentially High Erosion
Croplands
(
USGS 8
-
digit sub
-
watersheds)
Ave. Erosion
(tons/acre/yr.)
Ave. Sediment
(tons/acre/yr.)
1
UPPER GENESEE
CATTARAUGUS
2
CATTARAUGUS
ASHTABULA-CHAGRIN
3
BUFFALO-EIGHTEENMILE
UPPER GENESEE
4
CHAUTAUQUA-CONNEAUT
BEAVER-LESTER
5
ASHTABULA-CHAGRIN
ONTONAGON
6
ONTONAGON
CHAUTAUQUA-CONNEAUT
7
CUYAHOGA
BUFFALO-EIGHTEENMILE
8
SENECA
CUYAHOGA
9
BEAVER-LESTER
GRAND, OH
10
GRAND, OH
BEARTRAP-NEMADJI
©
2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
©
2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
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2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
©
2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
©
2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
©
2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
©
2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
©
2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
Summary
•
Used GIS
-
based Erosion and Sediment Delivery
models
•
Estimated Potential Erosion/Sediment load from
agricultural cropland, the biggest contributor
•
Identified high erosion/sediment contributing
watersheds
•
Assisted in prioritizing watersheds for tributary
modeling efforts
©
2002 Institute of Water Research, all rights reserved
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