The
Project
Mapping the Stellar Kinematics of Nearby Galaxies
J. Falc
ó
n
-
Barroso
Collaborators:
M. Balcells, A. Vazdekis, and the
SAURON
Team
PIs:
R. Bacon
(
Lyon
)
, R.L. Davies
(
Oxford
)
, P.T. de Zeeuw
(
Leiden
)
CoIs:
M
.
Bureau
,
M
.
Cappellari,
E
.
Emsellem,
J
.
Falc
ó
n
-
Barroso
,
D
.
Krajnovic,
H
.
Kuntschner,
R
.
McDermid,
R
.
F
.
Peletier
Associates:
R
.
van
den
Bosch,
Y
.
Copin,
K
.
Fathi,
K
.
Ganda,
B
.
Gerken,
J
.
de
Jong,
E
.
Jourdeuil,
B
.
Miller,
G
.
Monnet,
M
.
Sarzi,
T
.
Statler,
G
.
van
de
Ven,
A
.
Weijmans,
...
http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/sauron
The Team
Outline
Integral field kinematic features in early
-
type galaxies
Central disks, KDCs, Kin. Twists, CRCs
Pseudobulges
High spatial resolution stellar kinematics with
OASIS
A detailed study: NGC7332
A
SAURON
look at galaxy bulges
Projects on bulges
Minor
-
axis stellar kinematics (Flat velocity disp. Profiles)
The
SAURON
Bars Project
Conclusions
SAURON Stellar Velocity Fields
Emsellem et al. 2004, MNRAS, in press (astroph/0404034)
Stellar Kin: Central Stellar Disks
(Bureau et al. , Emsellem et al.)
Central Disks:
•
I: Disky isophotes
•
V:
Pinched isovelocities
Double
-
hump
•
:
Max along minor axis
Min along major
-
axis
•
h
3
:
A
nti
-
correlated with V
Kin. Twists:
(Triaxiality)
•
V: Kin. twist/misalignment
KDCs:
•
V: Abrupt kin. twist
Abrupt V change
Peculiarities
Strong/weak:
(NGC4526, 4459)
NGC4526
NGC4459
Stellar Kin.: Kin. Twists and KDCs
Kinematic Twist:
(NGC4477)
KDC:
(NGC4365)
Central Disks:
•
I: Disky isophotes
•
V: Pinched isovelocities
Double
-
hump
•
: Max along minor axis
Min along major
-
axis
•
h
3
: Anti
-
correlated with V
Kin. Twists:
(Triaxiality)
•
V
: Kin. twist/misalignment
KDCs:
•
V
: Abrupt kin. twist
Abrupt V change
Peculiarities
Davies et al. 2001
NGC4477
NGC4365
Stellar Kin.: CRs
Others:
(Crs; NGC3414, 3608)
NGC3414
NGC3608
Stellar Kin.: Others
Others:
(CR; NGC4473, 4550)
NGC4473
NGC4550
Pseudobulges
NGC3384
NGC7457
NGC7457
Flat velocity
dispersion field
NGC3384
Flat velocity
dispersion along the
major axis due to a
central disk
Best candidates for pseudobulges in Pinkney et al. 2003
SAURON and OASIS
SAURON: global kinematics and line
-
strengths
OASIS spatial resolution: zoom
-
in on nucleus
Allows study of orbital structure near central BH
McDermid et al. (2004)
NGC 4382
CD
Central Disks
KT
Kin. Twists
KDC
Kin. Decoupled
cores
CR
Counter
-
rotating
cores
Axi
Axisymmetric
galaxies
EC(/12)
Ellipticals Clusters
5
(9)
6
(9)
2
(3)
1
(1)
3
(6)
EF(/12)
Ellipticals Field
9
(11)
6
(9)
4
(6)
1
(1)
2
(4)
LC(/12)
Lenticulars Clusters
10
(10)
4
(5)
2
(2)
3
(3)
2
(5)
LF(/12)
Lenticulars Field
8
(9)
5
(7)
2
(4)
2
(4)
3
(6)
Total(/48)
32
(39)
21
(30)
10
(15)
7
(9)
10
(21)
Total(%)
67
(81)
44
(63)
21
(31)
15
(19)
21
(44)
Central stellar disks pervasive
(70
-
80%)
KDCs and counterrotation numerous
(>20
-
30%; >15
-
20%)
Non
-
axisymmetries very common
(45
-
60%)
Regular axisymmetric objects not as frequent
(20
-
40%)
Stellar Kin.: Comp. Incidence
Ordinary looking Boxy
-
S0 galaxy
Regular stellar kinematics
(Fisher et al. 1994)
Plateau in the light profile
(Lutticke et al. 2000)
Photometrically detected central disk
(Seifert & Scorza 1996)
Complex gas distribution, showing a
strong counter
-
rotating H
component
and a weak co
-
rotating one.
(Plana & Boulesteix 1996)
Flat H
line
-
strength along major axis
(Bender & Paquet 1999)
A
Case Study: NGC7332
(Falc
ó
n
-
Barroso et al. 2004)
NGC7332
NGC7339
A
Case Study: NGC7332
SAURON FoV
I
-
band major axis light profile
(Peletier & Balcells 1997)
Stellar Kinematics
A Kinematically Decoupled Core
Double
-
peak velocity dispersion
Kinematic Evidence of the Central Disk
Cylindrical Rotation
A
Case Study: NGC7332
Double
-
hump rotation curve
Major
-
Axis
Complex gas distribution in general with
some signs of ordered motion.
Off
-
plane gas clumps
Ionized
Gas Kinematics
A
Case Study: NGC7332
Absorption
Line Strength
Raw
Clean
A
Case Study: NGC7332
Age+Metallicity
Interpretation of the Results:
•
The presence of a bar
•
Boxy bulge
•
Plateau in the light profile
•
Cylindrical Rotation
•
Double
-
hump rotation curve
•
Velocity dispersion profile with a central minimum and a plateau at moderate radii
•
Strong h
3
–
V anti
-
correlation (revealing the central disk)
•
Homogeneous stellar populations (being 4
-
6 Gyr everywhere in the galaxy)
•
The origin of the gas
•
A tidal interaction with the neighbour galaxy NGC7339
•
Evolutionary Scenarios
•
The bar has certainly affected the evolution of NGC7332
•
It is also quite possible that interactions played a role in the shaping of NGC7332
A
Case Study: NGC7332
A look at galaxy bulges
Ongoing projects on bulges
24
Sa
bulges (as part of the main survey)
11
S0
-
Sbc
bulges from the Balcells & Peletier
sample
22
Sb
-
Sm
bulges (M. Carollo & R.F. Peletier)
The Balcells & Peletier Sample
•
A sample of highly inclined (i>50º) nearby
galaxies to look at pure bulges with no disk
contamination.
•
Photometry of 45 nearby bulges
(Balcells & Peletier 1994)
(Andredakis et al. 1995)
(Peletier & Balcells 1997)
(Balcells et al. 2003, 2004a, 2004b)
•
Stellar Populations of 19 bulges
(Peletier et al. 1999)
(Falcón
-
Barroso et al. 2002)
(Falcón
-
Barroso et al. 2003a)
•
Kinematics of 19 nearby bulges
(Falcón
-
Barroso et al. 2003b)
Long Slit spectroscopy (minor axis) of 19 bulges
from the Balcells & Peletier sample
ISIS at WHT (La Palma)
Ca II triplet region
SSP models from Vazdekis et al. 2003 used as
templates for kinematics
Minor
-
Axis Stellar Kinematics in bulges
(Falcón
-
Barroso et al 2003b)
Minor Axis Rotation
Minor
-
Axis Stellar Kinematics in bulges
Rotation in the inner parts
Velocity Dispersion Profiles
•
Centrally Peaked Profs.
Classical bulges
Large Vel. Disp. Gradient
(
<<0)
•
Flat Profiles
Bulges dominated by rotation
(Pseudobulges?, Kormendy 1993)
Small Vel. Disp. Gradient
(
~
0)
Minor
-
Axis Stellar Kinematics in bulges
Velocity dispersion gradients
No correlations were found
with bulge luminosity, central
velocity dispersion or S
é
rsic
index
n
Barred or box
-
peanut bulges
Non
-
Barred bulges
Minor
-
Axis Stellar Kinematics in bulges
2 strong barred galaxies observed (Aug 2003)
NGC936
NGC6951
The Bar Project
(
Jourdeuil
et al.)
Scientific Goals
2
D
application
of
the
Tremaine
-
Weinberg
method
to
measure
pattern
speeds
and
quantify
uncertainties
in
1
D
data
Detailed
study
of
the
orbital
structure
using
N
-
body
simulations
Link
between
the
orbital
structure
and
the
stellar
populations
Conclusions
Stellar kinematics exhibits rich variety:
(central disks pervasive; KDCs/CRs numerous; non
-
axisymmetry common)
Number of KDCs/CRs likely to increase with higher spatial resolution (i.e.
OASIS
)
NGC7332 shows evidence for hosting a bar + signatures for recent interactions
(with neighbour galaxy NGC7339?)
Big
SAURON
effort on spiral bulges (3 complementary samples are being studied)
Long slit minor axis stellar kinematics, on the Balcells & Peletier sample, show a wide
range of velocity dispersion profiles
Both, flattened bulges and galaxies with brighter face
-
on disk central surface brightness
showing shallower velocity dispersion profiles
A specific
SAURON
project on barred galaxies has started with the main goal of
studying in detail the orbital distribution its link with stellar populations
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