Ship Design
& Engineering
Introduction
•
Principles of ship design
•
Basic ship structure, including forces
•
Ship structural elements
•
Compartment Numbering
•
Submarine Design
•
Piping Systems & Coloring
Basic Design Considerations
•
Operation Employment
•
Mission:
task or job ship is designed to perform
•
Armament:
measure of offensive & defensive
power of ship
•
Protection:
features designed to thwart or
minimize destructiveness of enemy attack
•
Maneuverability:
rapid course/speed changes
•
Cruising range:
distance a ship can travel at
cruising speed without refuel/reprovision
Basic Design Considerations
•
Structural design & seaworthiness
•
Stability:
ability of ship to return to an upright
position when heeled over
•
Displacement:
measured in tons of water
•
Freeboard:
vertical distance between top of
hull and water line
•
Hull shape
•
Beam
Basic Forces Acting on Ships
•
Stress
•
Load per unit area (psi)
•
Tension, compression, shear, torsion
•
Strain
•
Deformation per unit length
•
Longitudinal Bending
•
Sagging
•
Hogging
Stress
•
Def’n: load a member is carrying per unit
area (psi)
•
Types:
•
Tension:
axial stress
exerted by pulling
•
Compression:
axial stress
exerted by pressure on ends
•
Shear:
equal but opposite
forces at right angle
•
Torsion:
stress caused by
twisting motion
Strain
•
Def’n: the distortion/deformation per unit
length as a result of stress
•
Measured in inches per inch (in/in)
Sagging
•
Condition where ship is supported more at
its ends
•
Compression of main deck
•
Tension of the bottom/keel
Hogging
•
Condition where ship is supported more in
its middle
•
Tension of main deck
•
Compression of bottom/keel
Ship Structural Elements
•
Keel
•
Centerline backbone of ship
•
Runs the length of the ship
•
Framing
•
Ribs of ship, provide structural strength
-
> define
form of ship
•
Types:
•
Transverse (extend outward from keel)
•
Longitudinal (parallel to keel, run length of ship)
Ship Structural Elements
•
Bottom
•
Cellular region comprised of keel & framing
•
Plating
•
Skin over framework
-
> rectangular steel plates
welded together
Ship Structural Elements
•
Decks
•
“Floors” of a ship (sometimes called “levels”)
•
Horizontal partitions that form tiers
•
Main deck is uppermost complete deck
•
Bulkhead
•
“Walls” of a ship
•
Horizontal partitions that form compartments
•
Can either be structural or non
-
structural
(joiner)
Ship Structural Elements
Ship Structural Elements
•
Doors
•
Passage between spaces on SAME level
•
Can be Water
-
Tight (sealed with “dogs”)
•
Individually acting v. Quick
-
acting
•
Hatches
•
Passage between spaces on DIFFERENT levels
•
Most are water
-
tight boundaries
Compartment Numbering
•
System used for ships built after 1949
•
4 main parts
•
Deck
•
Frame
•
Compartment
•
Use
ex:
5
–
32
–
0
–
E
Deck
Frame
Compartment
Use
Compartment Numbering
•
Deck:
•
Meaning: “Space is located on this deck”
•
Upper levels are 01,02… successively from main
•
Main deck is 1
•
Lower decks are 2,3,4… successively from main
Compartment Numbering
•
Frame:
•
Meaning: “Forward boundary of compartment
is on or immediately aft of this frame number”
•
Sequential number given to transverse frames
fore to aft
Compartment Numbering
•
Compartment:
•
Indicates position of compartment relative to
centerline
•
Centerline compartments are “0”
•
Numbers follow in succession from centerline
outboard
•
Even numbers for Port side (2,4,6, …)
•
Odd numbers for Starboard side (1,3,5, …)
… 6 4 2 0 1 3 5 …
Port
Centerline
Starboard
Compartment Numbering
•
Use:
•
Letter that designates primary use of the space
•
Examples
•
“A”: Supply & Storage
•
“C”: Control (ship control or fire control)
•
“E”: Engineering
•
“F”: Fuel tank
•
“L”: Living
•
“M”: Ammunition
•
“T”: Trunk
•
“V”: Void
•
“W”: Water tank
Submarine Design
•
Hull (made of HY
-
80 or HY
-
90 steel)
•
Watertight envelope designed to resist
submergence pressure at CRUSH DEPTH
•
Inner hull (pressure hull)
•
Outer hull (non
-
pressure hull)
Submarine Design
•
Structural Members
•
Similar to surface ship but rounded for
submarine hull shape and THICKER
•
All levels have expansion joints (varying
submergence pressures)
Piping & Valve Numbering
Systems
•
White
•
Yellow
•
Purple
•
Dark Gray
•
Light Gray/Tan
•
Blue
•
Light Blue
•
Orange
Steam
Oil
JP
-
5
HP Air
LP Air
Chillwater
Feedwater
Hydraulics
•
Numbering system for valves similar to that for
compartments (ie: MS
-
1, MS
-
2, etc.)
Questions, Comments,
Concerns?
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