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-
200
-
100
0
Time Series
0
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2
4
x 10
4
Spectra
Amplitude
1.4 Hz
IN#001.JLD
0
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10
15
20
-
200
-
100
0
0
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4
5
0
2
4
x 10
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Amplitude
0.9 Hz
IN#002.JLD
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-
100
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2
4
x 10
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Amplitude
1 Hz
IN#003.JLD
0
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20
-
200
-
100
0
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2
3
4
5
0
2
4
x 10
4
Amplitude
1.2 Hz
IN#004.JLD
0
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10
15
20
-
200
-
100
0
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1
2
3
4
5
0
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4
x 10
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Amplitude
1.35 Hz
IN#005.JLD
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100
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Amplitude
1.8 Hz
IN#006.JLD
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Time [sec]
0
1
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4
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4
Frequency [Hz]
Amplitude
2.2 Hz
IN#007.JLD
Effects of biological relevance of the stimulus
in mediating spontaneous visual social coordination
G.C. De Guzman; E. Tognoli; J. Lagarde; K.J. Jantzen; J.A.S. Kelso
Center For Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL,
USA
The
efficacy
of
the
stimulus
combinations
were
assessed
using
the
stimulus
-
hand
relative
phase
and
a
similarity
index
measure
of
coupling
strength
(
Bhattacharya
et
al
.
,
2003
)
.
Individual
trials
exhibit
phase
-
locking
interspersed
with
phase
drifts
indicating
tendencies
to
synchronize
.
When
collapsed
across
trials,
the
phase
distributions
showed
no
difference
between
conditions
.
The
similarity
index
showed
that
coupling
between
subject
and
stimulus
was
strongest
when
the
latter
was
an
image
of
a
hand
driven
by
real
movement
data
.
The
weakest
coupling
occurred
when
the
stimulus
was
a
dot
image
moving
in
sinusoidal
manner
.
crosshair
s
image
animated
s
crosshair
s
15
15
15
on
presentati
Stimulus
Introduction
While executing self
-
paced rhythmic finger flexion
-
extension, subjects view
on a monitor either the movement of a finger (H) or an oscillating dot (D) for
15 seconds. To establish the self
-
paced rhythm, the viewing phase was
preceded by an initial 15 second interval during which the subjects oscillate
their index finger while viewing a central fixation cross. The stimulus
movement frequency was fixed at either 10% below or 10% above the
subject's self
-
paced rate as determined at the start of the experiment. A total
of 32 trials ([hand,dot]x[sine,data]x[high frequency,low frequency]x4 trials)
were collected.
Motion characteristics
●
Hand movement data
●
Perfect sinusoidal
●
±
10% subject frequency
Q
:
Is
behavioral
coupling
during
spontaneous
social
coordination
facilitated
by
the
perception
of
biologically
relevant
stimuli?
The
effects
of
a
biologically
realistic
agent
and
movement
are
compared
to
a
non
-
biological
stimulus
and
a
synthetic
motion
.
If
the
perception
of
a
functional
homology
(putatively
producing
an
embodied
response)
is
not
important
for
promoting
spontaneous
coordination
between
agents
then
all
stimuli
and
motion
types
should
elicit
the
same
behavior
.
Otherwise,
biologically
constrained
stimuli
should
produce
stronger
behavioral
entrainment
.
Experiment
Analysis
Bhattacharya,
J
.
,
Pereda,
E
.
&
Petsche,
H
.
(
2003
)
.
Effective
Detection
of
Coupling
in
Short
and
Noisy
Bivariate
Data
.
IEEE
Transactions
on
systems,
man,
and
cybernetics
–
Part
B
:
Cybernetics
,
33
(
1
),
85
-
95
.
Kilner,
J
.
M
.
,
Paulignan,
Y
.
&
Blakemore,
S
.
J
.
(
2003
)
.
An
interference
effect
of
observed
biological
movement
on
action
.
Current
Biology,
13
,
522
-
525
.
Oullier,
O
.
,
de
Guzman,
G
.
C
.
,
Jantzen,
K
.
J
.
,
Lagarde,
J
.
F
.
&
Kelso,
J
.
A
.
S
.
(
2004
)
.
Spontaneous
interpersonal
synchronization
is
modulated
by
the
degree
of
visual
coupling
.
Journal
of
Sport
and
Exercise
Psychology,
26
,
S
13
.
Sebanz,
N
.
,
Knoblich,
G
.
&
Prinz,
W
.
(
2003
)
.
Representing
others'
actions
:
Just
like
one's
own?
Cognition,
88
,
B
11
-
B
21
Preliminary results
Similarity Index
Supported by NIMH Grant MH42900
The
similarity
index
(see
e
.
g
.
Bhattacharya,
Pereda
&
Petsche,
2003
)
uses
state
space
reconstruction
techniques
to
assess
strength
of
directional
effects
.
In
tightly
coupled
systems,
the
N
-
nearest
neighbors
of
a
point
x(t
k
)
in
X
and
the
N
-
nearest
neighbors
of
the
point
y(t
k
)
in
Y
have
similar
time
indices
.
F o r
u n c o u p l e d
s y s t e ms,
t h e r e
is
a
high
probability
that
the
set
of
time
indices
for
X
is
very
different
from
the
time
indices
for
Y
.
The
collection
of
points
in
X
at
times
corresponding
to
the
Y
-
time
indices
is
called
“mutual
neighbors”
.
An
instantaneous
measure
of
the
similarity,
S
k
(X|Y),
is
then
the
radius
of
the
cloud
of
R
-
nearest
neighbors
divided
by
the
radius
of
the
cloud
of
R
-
mutual
neighbors
:
S
k
(X|Y)
measures
the
effect
of
Y
on
X
.
Similarity index
Pilot study: 4 Ss
A/D: OPTOTRAK @ 100 Hz
1
2
3
4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
x 10
-3
1
2
3
4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
x 10
-3
Hand
Dot
Data
Sine
Hand
Dot
Data
Sine
S2: Mean Sim Index - LO
S2: Mean Sim Index - HI
1
2
3
4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
x 10
-3
1
2
3
4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
x 10
-3
Hand
Dot
Data
Sine
Hand
Dot
Data
Sine
S2: Mean Sim Index - LO
S2: Mean Sim Index - HI
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
x 10
-3
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
x 10
-3
S3: Mean Sim Index - LO
S3: Mean Sim Index - HI
Hand
Hand
Dot
Data
Sine
Sine
Data
Dot
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
x 10
-3
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
x 10
-3
S3: Mean Sim Index - LO
S3: Mean Sim Index - HI
Hand
Hand
Dot
Data
Sine
Sine
Data
Dot
-180
-90
0
90
180
0
200
400
600
800
1000
RG: Hand (Fast Stimulus)
-180
-90
0
90
180
0
200
400
600
800
RG: Dot (Fast Stimulus)
-180
-90
0
90
180
0
200
400
600
800
1000
RG: Sine (Fast Stimulus)
-180
-90
0
90
180
0
200
400
600
800
RG: Data (Fast Stimulus)
Relative Phase Distribution
-180
-90
0
90
180
0
200
400
600
800
SS: Hand (Fast Stimulus)
-180
-90
0
90
180
0
200
400
600
800
SS: Dot (Fast Stimulus)
-180
-90
0
90
180
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
SS: Sine (Fast Stimulus)
-180
-90
0
90
180
0
200
400
600
800
SS: Data (Fast Stimulus)
Relative Phase Distribution
0
500
1000
1500
-40
-20
0
20
40
0
500
1000
1500
-40
-20
0
20
40
S2
–
Trial 15
-
hdL
0
500
1000
1500
-40
-20
0
20
40
0
500
1000
1500
-40
-20
0
20
40
S2
–
Trial 12
-
dsL
Perturbation effects
More
Less
These
preliminary
results
suggest
that
embodiment
can
occur
when
coordinating
with
a
virtual
partner
and
the
quality
of
the
interaction
depends
on
the
biological
relevancy
of
the
stimulus
presented
to
the
other
.
Motion
variability
produces
a
stronger
coupling
effect
than
visual
(anatomical)
accuracy
in
this
synchronization
task
..
This
is
easily
evident
from
the
perturbations
induced
by
real
hand
as
compared
to
synthetic
movements
.
That
a
realistic
hand
figure
driven
by
a
real
movement
data
elicits
strong
coupling
is
consistent
with
studies
that
showed
mere
observation
of
movement
of
another
person
affects
motor
responses
strongly
enough
to
interfere
with
one’s
execution
of
a
similar
action
(Sebanz,
Knoblich,
&
Prinz,
2003
)
.
Additionally,
studies
showed
that
with
a
movement
stimulus
generated
by
human
-
figured
robots,
the
interference
is
less
noticeable
(see
e
.
g
.
Kilner,
Paulignan,
&
Blakemore,
2003
)
.
Summary
Relative phase
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