Name________________________________________ Period_____ Date__________
AP Enviro
nmental Science: Ch.4 Study
Guide
(20 points)
Evolution and Biodiversity
Read Ch.4
pages 82
-
98
Read Supplement 8
Define
/explain
the following:
biological evolution
Charles Darwin
Alfred Russell Wallace
natural selection
chemical evolution
fossils
mutations
fitness
tectonic plates
ecological niche
fundamental niche
realized niche
generalist species
specialist
species
speciation
geographic isolation
reproductive isolation
extinction
endemic species
background extinction
mass extinction
mass depletion
artificial selection
coevolution
genetic engineering
recombinant
DNA
transgenic organisms
biodiversity
Answer the following:
1.
What are the three possibilities that are available to a species when faced
with a change in environmental conditions?
2.
Explain how the movement of tectonic plates can affect the evolution of a
species.
3.
What is coevolution? Provide an example.
4.
Explain how a warming climate could affect the evolution of a species of
wildflowers living near the top of the highest peaks of the Smoky Mountains
in North Carolina.
5.
Evolutionary scientists contend that humans have survived and thrived
because w
e have certain traits that increase our survival chances. We lack
exceptional strength, speed, and agility. We do not have claws or fangs, and
we lack a protective shell or body armor. Our senses are mostly
unremarkable (except perhaps sight). What traits
have allowed us to
flourish?
6.
How would you respond to a statement that because extinction is a natural
process, we should not worry about biodiversity
?
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