Machine Learning on
Spark
Shivaram
Venkataraman
UC Berkeley
Computer Science
Machine learning
Statistics
Machine learning
Spam filters
Recommendations
Click prediction
Search ranking
Machine learning
techniques
Classification
Regression
Clustering
Active learning
Collaborative filtering
Implementing Machine Learning
Machine learning algorithms are
-
Complex
,
multi
-
stage
-
Iterative
MapReduce
/
Hadoop
unsuitable
Need efficient
primitives for
data sharing
Spark RDDs
efficient data sharing
In
-
memory caching accelerates performance
-
Up to 20x faster than
Hadoop
Easy to use high
-
level programming interface
-
Express complex algorithms ~100 lines.
Machine Learning using Spark
Machine learning
techniques
Classification
Regression
Clustering
Active learning
Collaborative filtering
K
-
Means Clustering
using Spark
Focus:
Implementation and Performance
Clustering
Grouping
data
according to
similarity
Distance East
Distance North
E.g. archaeological dig
Clustering
Grouping
data according to
similarity
Distance East
Distance North
E.g. archaeological dig
K
-
Means Algorithm
Benefits
•
Popular
•
Fast
•
Conceptually straightforward
Distance East
Distance North
E.g. archaeological dig
K
-
Means: preliminaries
Feature 1
Feature 2
Data
: Collection of values
data
=
lines
.
map
(line=>
parseVector
(line
)
)
K
-
Means: preliminaries
Feature 1
Feature 2
Dissimilarity
:
Squared
Euclidean distance
dist
=
p.squaredDist
(q)
K
-
Means: preliminaries
Feature 1
Feature 2
K = Number of clusters
Data
assignments to clusters
S
1
, S
2
,. . .,
S
K
K
-
Means: preliminaries
Feature 1
Feature 2
K = Number of clusters
Data
assignments to clusters
S
1
, S
2
,. . .,
S
K
K
-
Means Algorithm
Feature 1
Feature 2
• Initialize K cluster centers
• Repeat until convergence:
Assign each data point to
the cluster with the closest
center.
Assign each cluster center
to be the mean of its
cluster
’
s data points.
K
-
Means Algorithm
Feature 1
Feature 2
• Initialize K cluster centers
• Repeat until convergence:
Assign each data point to
the cluster with the closest
center.
Assign each cluster center
to be the mean of its
cluster
’
s data points.
K
-
Means Algorithm
Feature 1
Feature 2
• Initialize K cluster
centers
• Repeat until convergence:
Assign each data point to
the cluster with the closest
center.
Assign each cluster center
to be the mean of its
cluster
’
s data points.
centers =
data
.
takeSample
(
false,
K
, seed)
K
-
Means Algorithm
Feature 1
Feature 2
• Initialize K cluster
centers
•
Repeat until convergence:
Assign
each data point to
the cluster with the closest
center.
Assign each cluster center
to be the mean of its
cluster
’
s data points.
centers =
data
.
takeSample
(
false, K, seed)
K
-
Means Algorithm
Feature 1
Feature 2
• Initialize K cluster
centers
•
Repeat until convergence:
Assign each data point to
the cluster with the closest
center.
Assign each cluster center
to be the mean of its
cluster
’
s data points.
centers =
data
.
takeSample
(
false, K, seed)
K
-
Means Algorithm
Feature 1
Feature 2
• Initialize K cluster
centers
•
Repeat until convergence:
Assign
each cluster center
to be the mean of its
cluster
’
s data points.
centers =
data
.
takeSample
(
false, K, seed)
closest =
data.
map
(p =>
(
closestPoint
(
p,centers
),p
))
K
-
Means Algorithm
Feature 1
Feature 2
• Initialize K cluster
centers
• Repeat until convergence:
Assign
each cluster center
to be the mean of its
cluster
’
s data points.
centers =
data
.
takeSample
(
false, K, seed)
closest =
data.
map
(p =>
(
closestPoint
(
p,centers
),p
))
K
-
Means Algorithm
Feature 1
Feature 2
• Initialize K cluster
centers
• Repeat until convergence:
Assign
each cluster center
to be the mean of its
cluster
’
s data points.
centers =
data
.
takeSample
(
false, K, seed)
closest =
data.map
(p =>
(
closestPoint
(
p,centers
),p
))
K
-
Means Algorithm
Feature 1
Feature 2
• Initialize K cluster
centers
• Repeat until convergence:
centers =
data
.
takeSample
(
false, K, seed)
closest =
data.map
(p =>
(
closestPoint
(
p,centers
),p
))
pointsGroup
=
closest.
groupByKey
()
K
-
Means Algorithm
Feature 1
Feature 2
• Initialize K cluster
centers
• Repeat until convergence:
centers =
data
.
takeSample
(
false, K, seed)
closest =
data.map
(p =>
(
closestPoint
(
p,centers
),p
))
pointsGroup
=
closest.
groupByKey
()
newCenters
=
pointsGroup.
mapValues
(
ps
=>
average
(
ps
))
K
-
Means Algorithm
Feature 1
Feature 2
• Initialize K cluster
centers
• Repeat until convergence:
centers =
data
.
takeSample
(
false, K, seed)
closest =
data.map
(p =>
(
closestPoint
(
p,centers
),p
))
pointsGroup
=
closest.
groupByKey
()
newCenters
=
pointsGroup.
mapValues
(
ps
=>
average
(
ps
))
K
-
Means Algorithm
Feature 1
Feature 2
• Initialize K cluster
centers
• Repeat until convergence
:
centers =
data
.
takeSample
(
false, K, seed)
closest =
data.map
(p =>
(
closestPoint
(
p,centers
),p
))
pointsGroup
=
closest.groupByKey
()
newCenters
=
pointsGroup.mapValues
(
ps
=>
average
(
ps
))
K
-
Means Algorithm
Feature 1
Feature 2
• Initialize K cluster
centers
• Repeat until convergence
:
centers =
data
.
takeSample
(
false, K, seed)
closest =
data.map
(p =>
(
closestPoint
(
p,centers
),p
))
pointsGroup
=
closest.groupByKey
()
newCenters
=
pointsGroup.mapValues
(
ps
=>
average
(
ps
))
w
hile (
dist
(centers
,
newCenters
) >
ɛ)
K
-
Means Algorithm
Feature 1
Feature 2
• Initialize K cluster
centers
• Repeat until convergence
:
centers =
data
.
takeSample
(
false, K, seed)
closest =
data.map
(p =>
(
closestPoint
(
p,centers
),p
))
pointsGroup
=
closest.groupByKey
()
newCenters
=
pointsGroup.mapValues
(
ps
=>
average
(
ps
))
w
hile (
dist
(centers
,
newCenters
) >
ɛ)
K
-
Means Source
Feature 1
Feature 2
centers =
data
.
takeSample
(
false, K, seed)
closest =
data.map
(p =>
(
closestPoint
(
p,centers
),p
))
pointsGroup
=
closest.groupByKey
()
newCenters
=
pointsGroup.mapValues
(
ps
=>
average
(
ps
))
w
hile (d >
ɛ)
{
}
d = distance(centers
,
newCenters
)
centers =
newCenters.map
(_)
Ease of use
Interactive shell:
Useful for
featurization
, pre
-
processing data
Lines of code for K
-
Means
-
Spark ~
90
lines
–
(Part of hands
-
on
t
utorial !)
-
Hadoop
/Mahout ~ 4 files, > 300 lines
274
157
106
197
121
87
143
61
33
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
25
50
100
Iteration time (s)
Number of machines
Hadoop
HadoopBinMem
Spark
K
-
Means
184
111
76
116
80
62
15
6
3
0
50
100
150
200
250
25
50
100
Iteration time (s)
Number of machines
Hadoop
HadoopBinMem
Spark
Logistic Regression
Performance
[
Zaharia
et. al, NSDI’12]
K means clustering using
Spark
Hands
-
on exercise this afternoon
!
Examples and more:
www.spark
-
project.org
Spark: Framework for cluster computing
Fast
and
easy
machine learning programs
Conclusion
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