AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS

THE JOY OF WIRES: AN INTRODUCTION
TO
NETDUINO
, .NET MICRO FRAMEWORK
AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS

Iain Angus

AGENDA


1. Introduction

•
.NET
MicroFramework

•
Internet of Things

•
Netduino


2. Getting started


Setup


Fritzing


Breadboards


3. Building Blocks


Digital Input / Output


Analog

Input /
Analog

Output

(Pulse Width Modulation)




4. Building Blocks

•
Digital
Input /
Output

•
Analog

Input /
Analog

Output (Pulse Width
Modulation)


5. Communicating
with Digital Sensors

•
I2C /
SPI


6. Internet
Enabled
Applications

•
ThingSpeak


EVERYTHING STARTS SOMEWHERE…

Why
Netduino
…


•
Visual Studio IDE

•
Step by step
debugging

•
Reuse existing skills

•
Low cost electronics

•
Fast prototyping

THE DEVICES CONTINUUM

Device Capabilities

Full

Limited

Large

Small

Device Category

Windows
Embedded
Compact

Windows
Embedded

.NET
MicroFramework

.NET
Framework

MCU Example:

ARM7 / Cortex
-
M3 / SH2

ARM9 / Cortex
-
A8

\
ARM11 / Cortex
-
A9 / Atom

Centrino

THE NETMF OPEN SOURCE PROJECT


Smallest .NET implementation


Targets small 32 bit processors (ARM 7
-
9, Cortex M(x), Analog
Devices
Blackfin
,
Renesas

SH2)


Currently used in consumer products, industrial automation,
energy management, health/eldercare, and lots of new
categories.


First Open Source release
–

Nov 2009


Apache 2.0


Community based model


Motivation


Avoid fragmentation


Develop a clear collaborative direction


Core Tech Team


Microsoft Development Team


netmf.codeplex.com


netmf.com



Feature

Required C# Compiler

.NET Micro Framework

Required Framework
Features

Generics

2.0

no

Generics

Nullables

2.0

no

Generics
,
Nullable
<>

Expression trees

3.0

no

Generics
, Expression<>

Anonymous types

3.0

no

Generics
,
StringBuilder

Dynamic lookup

4.0

no

Generics
,
CallSite
, Binder

Variance in generic types

4.0

no

Generics

FEATURES NOT AVAILABLE IN

.NET

MICROFRAMEWORK

THE NETMF VERSION 4.2

From Microsoft Resources:


VB.NET (a collaboration)


Cryptographic Primitives and Object
Model


Remote firmware update


IL Optimizations


Bug fixes


SNTP


From the community:


VB.NET (a collaboration)


New Platform builder


FTP
–

client (desktop compatible) and server
(NETMF only)


Regular Expressions


StringBuilder

Type


PWM and Analog/Digital Conversion


Bug fixes


Secure Hardware (SIM Card) drivers



Physical Object

+

Controller, Sensor, Actuator

+

Internet

=

Internet of Things

WHAT IS THE INTERNET OF THINGS?


Oxford Dictionary (noun):


“A
proposed development
of the Internet in which
everyday objects have
network connectivity,
allowing them to send and
receive
data”

INTERNET OF THINGS


Current Key Applications:


Smart grid and energy management: utility companies can optimize delivery of
energy to homes and businesses while customers can better manage energy usage.


Home and building automation: Smart homes and buildings have centralized control
over virtually any device or system in a home or office, from appliances to PEV’s
security systems.


Asset tracking: Enterprises, hospitals, factories and other large organizations can
accurately track the locations of high
-
value equipment, patients, vehicles, and so on.


Health and wellness: Doctors can remotely monitor patients’ health while people can
track the progress of fitness routines.



WHAT IS
NETDUINO
?


Open Source Hardware Platform


Atmel 32
-
bit microcontroller


Speed: 168MHz, Cortex
-
M4


Code Storage: 384 KB


RAM: 100+ KB


Runs .NET
MicroFramework


Family of products:

•
Netduino

1, 1 plus, 2, 2 plus, mini

•
Netduino

Go





NETDUINO

PROJECTS


Typically
consist of up to three types of
components:



•
Actuators
–

things that do stuff (act)

•
Sensors
–

things that measure (sense)

•
Microchips
–

specialised functions


Allowing you to do prototyping, robotics, automation,
automotive, sequencing

as well as a learning
aid






GETTING STARTED

DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

•
Netduino

2 or 2 plus

•
Visual Studio 2010/2012

•
.
NET Micro Framework SDK
v4.2 /
v4.3 (VS2012)

•
Netduino

SDK v4.2.2.0 (32
-
bit)
or


Netduino

SDK v4.2.2.0 (64
-
bit
) or


Netduino

SDK v4.3 (VS2012)


NETDUINO

PLUS 2
-

ON THE BOARD

•
LED

•
Button

•
SD card

•
Ethernet

•
Analog

Pins

•
Digital Pins

THE BREADBOARD

A breadboard lets you wire electronic components without any soldering


Its holes are connected

“under the hood” as

shown here

FRITZING

BUILDING BLOCKS

GENERAL PURPOSE INPUT
OUTPUT

(GPIO)

•
Digital input /
output
-

logical 0 or 1

•
InputPort

(Pin, Boolean,
ResistorMode
)

•
Read

•
OutputPort

(Pin,
Boolean, Boolean,
ResistorMode
)

•
Write

•
InterruptPort

(Pin, Boolean,
ResistorMode
,
InterruptMode
)

•

OnInterrupt

DEMO
–

PUSH
THE BUTTON

Components used:


Netduino

Push Button

220 ohm resistor x 2

LED

ANALOG

INPUT

Ports A0
-
A5
Netduino

Able to provide own reference voltage (
Aref
)

10 bit ADC, value between 0 and 1023 if
using
SecretLabs

implementation


12 bit ADC, value between 0 and 4095 if
using
Microsoft.SPOT

implementation



Two implementations of
AnalogInput

class:



SecretLabs

var sensorPort = new
AnalogInput
(Pins.
GPIO_PIN_A0
);

int rawValue
= sensorPort.
Read
(); // returns count


Microsoft.SPOT

var sensorPort = new
AnalogInput
(
AnalogChannels.ANALOG_PIN_A0
);

float volts
= sensorPort.
Read
(); // returns % max voltage

int rawValue = sensorPort.ReadRaw() // returns count



May need to translate reading into meaningful value, requires reading device datasheet…


ADXL335 ACCELEROMETER
ANALOG

SENSOR

•

Sensor
has a full sensing range of +/
-
3g
–

zero G approximately 1.65V with
Aref

3.3V

•

No
on
-
board regulation, provided power should be between 1.8 and
3.6VDC

•

330 mV/G



SecretLabs

implementation:


330 mV/G
×

(
1023

ADC units) / 3300 mV = 102.3 (ADC units)/G


Microsoft
SPOT implementation:


330 mV/G
×

(4095 ADC units) / 3300 mV = 409.5 (ADC units)/G


ANALOG OUTPUT (PULSE
WIDTH
MODULATION (PWM))

•
Digital I/O Ports 5&6, 9&10

•
Computers
can’t output
analog

voltages

•
Only digital voltages (0 volts or
3.3V)

•
But you can fake it
if
you average a
digital signal flipping between two
voltages.

•
Used
everywhere

•
Lamp dimmers, motor speed control,
power supplies, noise making

•
Three characteristics of PWM signals

•
Pulse width range (min/max)

•
Pulse period

(= 1/pulses per second)

•
Voltage levels

(
0
-
3.3V
, for instance)


DEMO
–

WORKING WITH
ANALOG

SIGNALS

Components used:


Netduino

HS
-
422 Servo


ARE ALL PINS EQUAL?

power and
i/o

•
input: 7.5
-

12.0 VDC or USB
powered

•
output: 5 VDC and 3.3 VDC
regulated

•
digital i/o are 3.3 V
--
but 5 V
tolerant

DIGITAL SENSOR

DIGITAL SENSORS

Inter
-
Integrated Circuit (I2C)

•

2 wire bus (SDA/SCL)

•

Devices are uniquely addressable

•

Relatively slow


Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI)

•

4 wire bus
(
SCLK/MOSI/MISO/CS)

•

Fast





touch sensor

compass

fm

transmitter

temperature &
humidity sensor

And many
others..

HMC6352 DATASHEET (I2C COMPASS)

Command Byte ASCII
(hex)

Response 1 Byte
(binary)

Response

2 Byte
(binary)

Description

S

(53)

Sleep

W (57)

Wakeup

O

(4F)

S/R

Now

C (43)

Enter user

calibration
mode

E (45)

Exit user calibration
mode

L (4C)

Save Op Mode to
EEPROM

A (41)

MSB Data

LSB Data

Get data,

compensate,
calculate new heading

I2C slave address :0x42

(7 MSB with LSB 0 filled)


Heading mode:

0
–

3599 binary format
over two bytes

(Tenths of a degree)


e.g.

MSB: 0x0B LSB:
0x7F

0x0B7F
=
2943 decimal

Degrees: 294.3


Interface Commands / Responses

DEMO
–

I2C / SPI

Components used:


Netduino

Nokia 5110 LCD

DS1037 Breakout Board

HMC6352

CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET

CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET

Ethernet

(built
-
in or shield), plug it in anywhere

Wifi

(module), configured once per location

GSM/GPRS

(module), configured once, easy to use


Bluetooth

(module), via GSM/GPRS/
Wifi

of phone

ZigBee

(module), via
ZigBee

gateway

USB

(built
-
in), via desktop computer


IOT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES

Thingspeak
, an open source "Xively",
Twitter for devices

e.g.
https://thingspeak.com/channels/9


Xively (was Cosm, was Pachube
),
to
store and reuse sensor measurements

e.g.
https://
xively.com/feeds/116340




Twitter
, allows objects to talk to humans or
receive commands

e.g. @
twrbrdg_itself

(f.k.a. @towerbridge)


Yaler
, enables remote access to Internet
-
connected devices

e.g.
http://try.yaler.net/~arduino/led


ioBridge

http://www.iobridge.com

(https://realtime.io)




•
Platforms

•
Connectivity

•
Open Source

•
Commercial

•
Applications

•
Wearable

•
Lifestyle

•
Home

•
Building Blocks

•
Protocols

•
Telecoms

•
Hardware


THINGSPEAK

•
Open Source API

•
Real
-
time data collection

•
Data processing

•
Data visualizations

•
Location
-
awareness

•
Status context

•
Application
infrastructure

•
Twitter proxy

•
Apps

•
Plugins

DEMO ARCHITECTURE

Sensor

Actuator

HTTP://PUT

HTTP://GET

api.thingspeak.com

HTTP://
POST

HTTP
://GET

ALTERATIVE ARCHITECTURE

Sensor as Server

Actuator as Server

HTTP://GET

HTTP
://POST

api.thingspeak.com

DEMO
–

CONNECTING TO THE CLOUD

Components used:


Netduino

TMP36

Hitec

HS
-
422 Servo

USEFUL RESOURCES

Secret Labs LLC


http
://
netduino.com



Forums
http://
forums.netduino.com


Community Development Site for the .NET Micro Framework


http
://
www.netmf.com


API Reference for .NET Micro
Framework


http://
msdn.microsoft.com/en
-
us/library/bb417054.aspx



Adafruit


http://
learn.adafruit.com



Sparkfun


https://
www.sparkfun.com/tutorials


AGENT
SMARTWATCH

-

.NET ON YOUR WRIST

Kickstarter

Funded
–

over $1million


•
120MHz ARM Cortex
-
M4 processor

•
with secondary AVR co
-
processor

•
1.28" Memory Display (128 x 128)

•
with intelligent backlighting

•
Anti
-
glare glass lens

•
Bluetooth 4.0 BD/EDR + LE

•
3
-
axis accelerometer

•
Ambient light sensor

•
Vibration motor

•
Qi
wireless charging

•
Water resistant (ATMs: TBD)

•
AGENT OS
1.0 including
.NET Micro Framework
4.3


THANKS FOR LISTENING… AND QUESTIONS?