Slide 1

Biotechnology

Plant and Soil Science

Plant Science Technology

Lesson 1 & 2

What Is Biotechnology?


Any technique that uses living
organisms or substances from those
organisms to make or modify a product,
to improve plants or animals, or to
develop microorganisms for specific
uses


Biotech Terms


Genetics

–


the biology of heredity


Heredity

–


the transmission of characteristics from an



organism to its offspring through genes in



reproductive cells.


Genes

–


components of cells which determine the individual


characteristics of living things


Generation
–

refers to offspring of common parents


Progeny
–


offspring


Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

–

coded information in a cell that


determines what that cell and its successive cells



will be become.

Biotech Terms cont.


Clone

–


exact duplicate of something


Genetic engineering

–

movement of genetic





information in the form of genes from



one cell to another.


Mapping / Gene Mapping

–

identifying and recording


the location of a specific gene on a



chromosome.


Gene Splicing / Recombinant DNA Technology

–




process of removing and inserting genes


into DNA.


Gregor Johann Mendel

Historic Biotech Applications


Yeast
–

make bread rise


Bacteria
–

ferment sauerkraut






produce cheese(s)






other dairy products




Microorganisms
–

transform fruit and

grains into





alcoholic beverages


Historic Biotech Applications


Silage


green grasses and grains have been stored in air
-
tight
spaces and containers, such as silos, where bacteria convert
sugars and starches in acids.


These acids provide a desirable taste and protect the feed
from spoilage by other microorganisms


Pairs of Strands


Double Helix

Create Duplicate Strands

Plant Genetic Engineering

Human Insulin Production