Context Aware Messaging and

Context Aware Messaging and
Addressing for Emergency
Applications

Alaa

Almagrabi
,
Seng

Loke
,
Torab

Torabi



Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering

La Trobe University


Outline


•
Research aim and
Objective
s

•
B
ackground

•
Related work

•
Discussion

•
Proposal

•
Spatial modeling for emergency systems

•
System ontology

•
Conclusion



Research Aims

•
We aim
to investigate context
-
aware messaging and addressing
for emergency situations .

•
Assist
-
Me is
an emergency alert that will be activate
to help
avoiding
disaster.

•
Outdoor emergency systems refer to the measures that we put
in place in order to help us effectively deal with disasters
within the society

•
Investigating context
models
is required
for
designing efficient
and expressive messaging and addressing services.

Objectives of literature

survey


•
Investigate the concept of context aware messaging and addressing.

•
Presents an overview some common applications that use context
-
aware messaging.

•
The context aware messaging applications that are used for
emergency purposes.

•
smart bushfire monitoring and detection system using GSM
technology

•
A bushfire monitoring and detection system for smart homes
using ZigBee technology

•
The context
-
aware messaging applications that used for guides
and reminders.

•
ComMotion, Cybre
-
Minder, Elvin…etc

•
The context aware messaging applications for social purposes
which includes: communication and interaction between people.

•
Context
-
Mediated Social Awareness, Live Contacts, Micro
-
Blog, InfoRadar…etc



Background

•
Context awareness is more than twenty years old (Coppola,
et
.
al.,
2005).

•
Context
-
awareness

is

a

key

aspect

of

new

applications

in

the

field

of

ubiquitous

computing
.

•
Mobile

and

ubiquitous

computing

environments

can

now

match

and

even

replace

traditional

desktop

computing
.


•
Chen

and

Kotz

2000
,

discuss

the

relation

between

context
-
aware

computing

and

mobile

computing

model

in

which

applications

can

determine

and

take

advantage

of

contextual

information
.


•
Contextual

information

can

be

used

as

an

alternative

to

old

fashion

addressing

techniques

such

IP

addresses

for

communication

purposes

(
Geiger,

et
.

al
.
,

2009
)
.




•
Schilit

et
.

al
.
,

(
1994
)

divides

context

into

three

categories
:


i.
Computing

context
.

ii.
User

context
.

iii.
Physical

context
.

•
Chen

and

Kotz

(
2000
)

continued

that

work

and

introduced

fourth

category

of

context

called

time
.

•
Dey

et
.

al
.
,

1999

define

context

as

any

information

that

can

be

used

to

distinguish

the

situation

of

an

entity,

where

entity

can

be

a

person,

place,

or

object

that

is

considered

relevant

to

the

interaction

between

the

user

and

application
.

•
Schmidt

et

al
.
,

(
2002
)

defines

context

as

“knowledge

about

the

user’s

and

IT

device’s

state,

including

surroundings,

situation,

and

to

a

less

extent,

location
”
.

What is Context?

•
The

basic

aim

of

context

awareness

is

to

provide

computers

with

situational

information

in

order

to

execute

tasks
.


•
Context

awareness

aim

can

be

found

as

the

use

of

any

information

related

to

the

user’s

situation

and

surrounding

in

order

for

the

application

to

progress

and

execute

a

task

(Dey’s,

2001
)
.



•
Haseloff

(
2005
)

defines

the

aim

of

context

awareness

as

“providing

computers

with

situational

or

contextual

information

as

a

result

of

which

they

accordingly

adapt

the

execution

of

tasks

and

the

way

of

interacting

with

users”
.



Context Aim

Related work:

Applications use Context
-
Aware Messaging


Figure. A classification of context
-
aware messaging application


Context
-
aware messaging in Emergency Applications

Application

type

Technology

Architecture

Usage

Context model

A smart
bushfire
Monitoring and
detection system
(Rong et al.
2010).

emergency
application

GSM
telephones and
GPS receiver.

Sensor, microcontroller
and power supply

hybrid

SMS format

sensors for
location,
temperature and
humidity

A bushfire
monitoring and
detection system
for smart homes
(Sun et al. 2010).

emergency
application

ZigBee

modules: GSM
modem and GPS
receiver.

Sensor, microcontroller
and power supply

hybrid

SMS format

sensors for
location,
temperature,
humidity, wind
speed and direction

Context Aware Applications for Reminder, Guidance and Notification




Application

type

Technology

Architecture

Usage

Context model

ComMotion
(
Marmasse

and
Schmandt
, 2000).

notification
and guidance

GPS, Web
-
Server,
CDPD and Data
Mapping

centralized

present
graphical and
textual
interface to
allow
messaging


location using
sensor and GPS and
time

Cybre
-
Minder
(
Anind

and
Gregory 2000).

notification
and guidance

Context
-
Toolkit, CRB,
Sensors

centralized

text, audio,
video and
multimedia

contextual
information;

location using
sensor and GPS,
time and nearby
people …etc

Elvin (
Loke and
Zaslavsky 2003
)

notification
and guidance

Mobile agent, Server,
ACL communicative

centralized

text can be
integers,
floating
point, Strings
etc

location using GPS
, time and event
(message content)

The PIL museum
Visitor’s Guide
System (
Kuflik

et
al. 2007)

notification
and guidance

IR and Wi
-
Fi

centralized

messaging,
guide book,
conversation
and
presentation

location using IR
and Wi
-
Fi, time and
contextual states

Context
-
Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Single
-
Context


Application

type

Technology

Architecture

Usage

Context model

Socialight
(Melinger et al.
2004)

Social network:
Communication
and collaboration

uses different social
networks, GPS and
Bluetooth beacons

client server

message can be
text, audio,
video, and
multimedia
associated with
geographical
map

location of friend
within the network

Context aware
group
communication
system (Jou and
Wang, 2006)

Social network:
Communication
and
Collaboration

the client uses HP iPAQ
hx2410 Pocket PCs and
the server side is Fedora
Core 2 Linux
-
Wireless
network

client server

mobile
messaging
technique to
send or view
the message

location of mobile
user to present
basic group
communication

Context
-
Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Double
-
Context


Application

type

Technology

Architecture

Usage

Context model

Micro
-
Blog
(
Gaonkar et al.
2008)

Social
network:
Communicatio
n and
collaboration

J2ME and Nokia N95 for
client side, the server is
built using MySQL,
Wireless

And
Google Maps or
Microsoft Sensor Map

hybrid

sharing,
browsing, and
querying global
information in
SMS format
and Photos

location and time
of the device

InfoRadar
(
Rantanen et al.
2004
)

Social
network:
Communicatio
n and
Collaboration

PDA, GPS and radar
metaphor

centralized

text message:
SMS format
and multimedia
elements

location of mobile
phone and time
which represent
lifespan

Context
-
Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Multi
-
Context





Application

type

Technology

Architecture

Usage

Context model

Context mediated
social awareness
(Bardram and
Hansen, 2004)

Social network:
Communication
and
collaboration

PDA for the client
and GPRS to
communicate with
server

hybrid

messaging:

text, audio,
video,
multimedia

the messaging time,
the user’s location,
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et al. 2004)

Social Network:
Communication
and
collaboration

the clients
implemented in C# ,
the server is
Microsoft.NET and
uses GPRS to
connect with GSM

hybrid

Messaging
technique
(text, voice,
video,
multimedia)

location
, time from
the user, instant
messaging status,
current and near
future calendar
appointments, and
color coded
availability

Application

type

Technology

Architecture

Usage

Context model

Using semantic
web technology
for ubiquitous
location
modeling(Stahl
and
Heckmann
,
2004)

Social network:
Communication
and Collaboration

Mobile, IR
-

GPS,
sensors,

Semantic OWL,
Yamamoto and URIs

hybrid

provide text
information,
presentation of
audio and
visual media
output

location, User
characteristics,
any situational
context (event,
objects) and Map

Framework for
mobile context
based messaging
applications(
Antti

and
Timo
, 2007
)

Social network:
Communication
and collaboration

J2ME, XML, JSR
-
179 Location API and
GPS locator device.

centralized

Text message:
SMS format
and
Multimedia
elements

location, time and
Application
services

Context
-
Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Multi
-
Context

•
In

summary,

the

number

of

types

of

context

being

used

in

the

application

varies

with

time

to

time

and

with

application

to

application
.



•
In

recently

year

we

notice

that

the

use

of

the

number

of

different

types

of

context

in

applications

increased

significantly

as

compare

to

the

previous

years
.




•
Emergency systems refer to the measures that we put in place
in order to help us effectively deal with disasters within the
society


•
Modern technology such as remote sensing with the use of
wireless devices increases the chances of detecting slight
changes in the environment.


•
The use modern technology in disaster management simplifies
decision making saving time and providing help where
necessary .

Proposal for Assist
-
Me System


Spatial relations (Enclosing Space)

•
Spatial data models where the use of geographic information
system (GIS) in providing information concerning current
events is increasingly attracting global interest in a number of
fields.


•
spatial can be anything that are related to a certain area or
space not necessary physically geographic such as the human
activities as going to the farm.


•
Spatial awareness allows the system to autonomously resolve
and use its spatial properties to relate these properties to the
spatial properties of other systems

Typical Disaster Scenario

Flooding Scenario


The Spatial Relation between Clients

Figure8. The Server Grouping the Clients




The Spatial Relation between Clients and Danger
Zones

Figure $. The Relation between the Clients and the Danger Zones.


100m

Red
Zone

300m

Blue
Zone

200m

Yellow
Zone

FIRE

Client in Red Zone

Client in Yellow
Zone

Client in Blue Zone




The Spatial Relation between Clients and Rescuers

Figure . The Relation between Clients and Rescuer

Client

Rescuer

The Spatial Relation between Clients and Main Points
of Interest

Figure . The Relation between Clients and Main Points of Interest

System Ontology

Actors

Region

White_zone

Point_of_interest

Danger_zone

has_location

Emergency_Situation

Stage

has_stage

involves

1

*

1

1

1

1

*

1

*

*

1

1

*

*

*

1

Figure . The System General Ontology

Future work

•
Developing the ontology.


•
Evaluating the ontology.


•
Implementation & performance measurements.





Thank you