Context Aware Messaging and
Addressing for Emergency
Applications
Alaa
Almagrabi
,
Seng
Loke
,
Torab
Torabi
Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering
La Trobe University
Outline
•
Research aim and
Objective
s
•
B
ackground
•
Related work
•
Discussion
•
Proposal
•
Spatial modeling for emergency systems
•
System ontology
•
Conclusion
Research Aims
•
We aim
to investigate context
-
aware messaging and addressing
for emergency situations .
•
Assist
-
Me is
an emergency alert that will be activate
to help
avoiding
disaster.
•
Outdoor emergency systems refer to the measures that we put
in place in order to help us effectively deal with disasters
within the society
•
Investigating context
models
is required
for
designing efficient
and expressive messaging and addressing services.
Objectives of literature
survey
•
Investigate the concept of context aware messaging and addressing.
•
Presents an overview some common applications that use context
-
aware messaging.
•
The context aware messaging applications that are used for
emergency purposes.
•
smart bushfire monitoring and detection system using GSM
technology
•
A bushfire monitoring and detection system for smart homes
using ZigBee technology
•
The context
-
aware messaging applications that used for guides
and reminders.
•
ComMotion, Cybre
-
Minder, Elvin…etc
•
The context aware messaging applications for social purposes
which includes: communication and interaction between people.
•
Context
-
Mediated Social Awareness, Live Contacts, Micro
-
Blog, InfoRadar…etc
Background
•
Context awareness is more than twenty years old (Coppola,
et
.
al.,
2005).
•
Context
-
awareness
is
a
key
aspect
of
new
applications
in
the
field
of
ubiquitous
computing
.
•
Mobile
and
ubiquitous
computing
environments
can
now
match
and
even
replace
traditional
desktop
computing
.
•
Chen
and
Kotz
2000
,
discuss
the
relation
between
context
-
aware
computing
and
mobile
computing
model
in
which
applications
can
determine
and
take
advantage
of
contextual
information
.
•
Contextual
information
can
be
used
as
an
alternative
to
old
fashion
addressing
techniques
such
IP
addresses
for
communication
purposes
(
Geiger,
et
.
al
.
,
2009
)
.
•
Schilit
et
.
al
.
,
(
1994
)
divides
context
into
three
categories
:
i.
Computing
context
.
ii.
User
context
.
iii.
Physical
context
.
•
Chen
and
Kotz
(
2000
)
continued
that
work
and
introduced
fourth
category
of
context
called
time
.
•
Dey
et
.
al
.
,
1999
define
context
as
any
information
that
can
be
used
to
distinguish
the
situation
of
an
entity,
where
entity
can
be
a
person,
place,
or
object
that
is
considered
relevant
to
the
interaction
between
the
user
and
application
.
•
Schmidt
et
al
.
,
(
2002
)
defines
context
as
“knowledge
about
the
user’s
and
IT
device’s
state,
including
surroundings,
situation,
and
to
a
less
extent,
location
”
.
What is Context?
•
The
basic
aim
of
context
awareness
is
to
provide
computers
with
situational
information
in
order
to
execute
tasks
.
•
Context
awareness
aim
can
be
found
as
the
use
of
any
information
related
to
the
user’s
situation
and
surrounding
in
order
for
the
application
to
progress
and
execute
a
task
(Dey’s,
2001
)
.
•
Haseloff
(
2005
)
defines
the
aim
of
context
awareness
as
“providing
computers
with
situational
or
contextual
information
as
a
result
of
which
they
accordingly
adapt
the
execution
of
tasks
and
the
way
of
interacting
with
users”
.
Context Aim
Related work:
Applications use Context
-
Aware Messaging
Figure. A classification of context
-
aware messaging application
Context
-
aware messaging in Emergency Applications
Application
type
Technology
Architecture
Usage
Context model
A smart
bushfire
Monitoring and
detection system
(Rong et al.
2010).
emergency
application
GSM
telephones and
GPS receiver.
Sensor, microcontroller
and power supply
hybrid
SMS format
sensors for
location,
temperature and
humidity
A bushfire
monitoring and
detection system
for smart homes
(Sun et al. 2010).
emergency
application
ZigBee
modules: GSM
modem and GPS
receiver.
Sensor, microcontroller
and power supply
hybrid
SMS format
sensors for
location,
temperature,
humidity, wind
speed and direction
Context Aware Applications for Reminder, Guidance and Notification
Application
type
Technology
Architecture
Usage
Context model
ComMotion
(
Marmasse
and
Schmandt
, 2000).
notification
and guidance
GPS, Web
-
Server,
CDPD and Data
Mapping
centralized
present
graphical and
textual
interface to
allow
messaging
location using
sensor and GPS and
time
Cybre
-
Minder
(
Anind
and
Gregory 2000).
notification
and guidance
Context
-
Toolkit, CRB,
Sensors
centralized
text, audio,
video and
multimedia
contextual
information;
location using
sensor and GPS,
time and nearby
people …etc
Elvin (
Loke and
Zaslavsky 2003
)
notification
and guidance
Mobile agent, Server,
ACL communicative
centralized
text can be
integers,
floating
point, Strings
etc
location using GPS
, time and event
(message content)
The PIL museum
Visitor’s Guide
System (
Kuflik
et
al. 2007)
notification
and guidance
IR and Wi
-
Fi
centralized
messaging,
guide book,
conversation
and
presentation
location using IR
and Wi
-
Fi, time and
contextual states
Context
-
Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Single
-
Context
Application
type
Technology
Architecture
Usage
Context model
Socialight
(Melinger et al.
2004)
Social network:
Communication
and collaboration
uses different social
networks, GPS and
Bluetooth beacons
client server
message can be
text, audio,
video, and
multimedia
associated with
geographical
map
location of friend
within the network
Context aware
group
communication
system (Jou and
Wang, 2006)
Social network:
Communication
and
Collaboration
the client uses HP iPAQ
hx2410 Pocket PCs and
the server side is Fedora
Core 2 Linux
-
Wireless
network
client server
mobile
messaging
technique to
send or view
the message
location of mobile
user to present
basic group
communication
Context
-
Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Double
-
Context
Application
type
Technology
Architecture
Usage
Context model
Micro
-
Blog
(
Gaonkar et al.
2008)
Social
network:
Communicatio
n and
collaboration
J2ME and Nokia N95 for
client side, the server is
built using MySQL,
Wireless
And
Google Maps or
Microsoft Sensor Map
hybrid
sharing,
browsing, and
querying global
information in
SMS format
and Photos
location and time
of the device
InfoRadar
(
Rantanen et al.
2004
)
Social
network:
Communicatio
n and
Collaboration
PDA, GPS and radar
metaphor
centralized
text message:
SMS format
and multimedia
elements
location of mobile
phone and time
which represent
lifespan
Context
-
Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Multi
-
Context
Application
type
Technology
Architecture
Usage
Context model
Context mediated
social awareness
(Bardram and
Hansen, 2004)
Social network:
Communication
and
collaboration
PDA for the client
and GPRS to
communicate with
server
hybrid
messaging:
text, audio,
video,
multimedia
the messaging time,
the user’s location,
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慣aivity
䍯nt數t 慷慲攠
捯mmuni捡cion
with iiv攠
䍯nt慣as E
eo晴e
et al. 2004)
Social Network:
Communication
and
collaboration
the clients
implemented in C# ,
the server is
Microsoft.NET and
uses GPRS to
connect with GSM
hybrid
Messaging
technique
(text, voice,
video,
multimedia)
location
, time from
the user, instant
messaging status,
current and near
future calendar
appointments, and
color coded
availability
Application
type
Technology
Architecture
Usage
Context model
Using semantic
web technology
for ubiquitous
location
modeling(Stahl
and
Heckmann
,
2004)
Social network:
Communication
and Collaboration
Mobile, IR
-
GPS,
sensors,
Semantic OWL,
Yamamoto and URIs
hybrid
provide text
information,
presentation of
audio and
visual media
output
location, User
characteristics,
any situational
context (event,
objects) and Map
Framework for
mobile context
based messaging
applications(
Antti
and
Timo
, 2007
)
Social network:
Communication
and collaboration
J2ME, XML, JSR
-
179 Location API and
GPS locator device.
centralized
Text message:
SMS format
and
Multimedia
elements
location, time and
Application
services
Context
-
Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Multi
-
Context
•
In
summary,
the
number
of
types
of
context
being
used
in
the
application
varies
with
time
to
time
and
with
application
to
application
.
•
In
recently
year
we
notice
that
the
use
of
the
number
of
different
types
of
context
in
applications
increased
significantly
as
compare
to
the
previous
years
.
•
Emergency systems refer to the measures that we put in place
in order to help us effectively deal with disasters within the
society
•
Modern technology such as remote sensing with the use of
wireless devices increases the chances of detecting slight
changes in the environment.
•
The use modern technology in disaster management simplifies
decision making saving time and providing help where
necessary .
Proposal for Assist
-
Me System
Spatial relations (Enclosing Space)
•
Spatial data models where the use of geographic information
system (GIS) in providing information concerning current
events is increasingly attracting global interest in a number of
fields.
•
spatial can be anything that are related to a certain area or
space not necessary physically geographic such as the human
activities as going to the farm.
•
Spatial awareness allows the system to autonomously resolve
and use its spatial properties to relate these properties to the
spatial properties of other systems
Typical Disaster Scenario
Flooding Scenario
The Spatial Relation between Clients
Figure8. The Server Grouping the Clients
The Spatial Relation between Clients and Danger
Zones
Figure $. The Relation between the Clients and the Danger Zones.
100m
Red
Zone
300m
Blue
Zone
200m
Yellow
Zone
FIRE
Client in Red Zone
Client in Yellow
Zone
Client in Blue Zone
The Spatial Relation between Clients and Rescuers
Figure . The Relation between Clients and Rescuer
Client
Rescuer
The Spatial Relation between Clients and Main Points
of Interest
Figure . The Relation between Clients and Main Points of Interest
System Ontology
Actors
Region
White_zone
Point_of_interest
Danger_zone
has_location
Emergency_Situation
Stage
has_stage
involves
1
*
1
1
1
1
*
1
*
*
1
1
*
*
*
1
Figure . The System General Ontology
Future work
•
Developing the ontology.
•
Evaluating the ontology.
•
Implementation & performance measurements.
Thank you
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