A wireless sensor network (WSN) essentially ad

A

wireless sensor network (WSN)

essentially ad
hoc networks consists of spatially
distributed

autonomous

sensors

to

monitor


physical
or environmental conditions, such
as

temperature,

sound,

pressure, etc. and to
cooperatively pass their data through the
network to a main location


Sensor module collects the observations from
surrounding environmental analog information
such as light, sound, shocks,
etc
, converts it to
the digital signal via the analog to digital
converter (ADC), and then transfers to the
processor
unit


Processor
module manages the cooperation
between the units in the sensor, the
collaborations between other WSN nodes in the
network.


Wireless
communication
module communicate
between WSN nodes and Base Station

Wireless Sensor
Network Technology

Operating systems

Contiki ,ERIKA Enterprise, Nano
-
RK,
TinyOS ,LiteOS ,OpenTag, NanoQplus

Industry standards

ANT, 6LoWPAN, DASH7, ONE
-
NET,
ZigBee, Z
-
Wave, Wibree,
WirelessHART, 802.15.4, MiWi

Programming languages

C, LabVIEW,nesC

Hardware

Iris Mote, Sun SPOT, Xbee, Arduino

Software

TinyDB, TOSSIM, NS
-
2, OPNET,
NetSim, LinuxMCE

Applications

Key distribution, Location estimation,
Sensor Web, Telemetry

Protocols

AODV, DSR, TSMP

Used in Project

OS (
TinyOS
), platform(
Micaz
),
Programming language
C++,Protocol(AODV, DSR, TSMP)


Sensor Web/ Sensor Grid, Internet of
things,M2M


Ubiquitous Computing : Smart home/Cities,
smart meter, smart TV/appliances,.


Future with Graphene

Smart dust is hot.


Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT
).
Used by Facebook,IBM smart planet
initiatives


Already in use Disaster management,
Alternative energy , health monitoring,
agriculture, defense.



WSN nodes are very small and design is
dominates by size of battery. WSN are using
various technology like energy harvesting
,piezoelectric material technology to reduce
size of battery.


Power consumption in sensor networks can
be divided into three domains: sensing,
communication and data
processing.


R
outer node consume more power than leaf
nodes. Due to unbalanced energy
consumption, WSN nodes on busy routing
paths may drain their batteries faster than
other nodes, Energy aware routing is
important.




data
-
centric: like directed diffusion, sensor
protocols for information via negotiation
(SPIN) and power aware many
-
to
-
many
routing fall into this category


cluster
-
based: Low
-
energy adaptive
clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is an example of
a cluster
-
based sensor network routing
algorithm.


location
-
based: minimum energy
communication network (MECN) and
geographic adaptive fidelity (GAF)
are
location
-
based routing algorithms.


Q
Overall

= Q
CPU

+ Q
RadioTrans

+
Q
RadioRcv



Q
CPU

= P
CPU

* T
CPU

=
P
CPU

* (B
Enc

* TB
Enc

+ B
Dec

* TB
Dec

+B
Mac

*

TB
Mac

+ T
RadioActive
).


P
X

in Eq. 2 represents the power of device X.


T
X

means the computation time of device X


TB
Y

denotes the per
-
byte time consumed for doing
operation Y.


B
Y

indicates the amount of bytes to be computed by
operation Y


Enc
, Dec and Mac denote the encryption, decryption, and
MAC digest generation operations respectively


T
RadioActive

represents the radio transceiver’s active time, as
the processor module remains active while the radio chip
is turned on
.


Q
RadioTrans

= P
RadioTrans

* (K
Trans

* B
Trans

+ T
Startup
)


Q
RadioRcv

= P
RadioRcv

* (K
Rcv

* B
Rcv

+
T
Idle
)



D
ecide
the price of adding security to
WSN
routing
protocols or further estimate the
network lifetime of their
WSNs


M
athematical
models
used to
estimate extra
energy consumption
of routing protocols due
to security features in
WSN.


Empirical values and physical actual values
are compared to validate model for different
routing protocols.


S.No.

Task

From date

To Date

1

Setting up MicaZ platform

March 01 2013

15 March 2013

2

Routing protocols setup in on
hardware and OS platform.

15 March 2013

31 March 2013

3

Vulnerability and security of
protocols

31 March 2013

15 April 2013

4

Writing code on TinyOS on
MicaZ

15 April 2013

15 May 2013

5

Testing codes for various
routing protocols

15 May 2015

30 May 2013

6

Taking measure for each
protocol and applying model

30 May 2015

30 June 2013

7

Comparing empirical values
with model values

30 June 2013

15 July 2013

8

Presentation of results

15 July 2013

25.

July
2013