Design Study
High Luminosity LHC (HL
-
LHC)
Collaborative Project
FP7
-
INFRASTRUCTURE
-
2010
By Lucio Rossi
–
CERN
1st Meeting @ CERN 20 July
LHC and EU
Particle
Physics
Lisbona
2006
The European strategy for particle physics
…
Scientific activities
3. The LHC will be the energy frontier machine for the
foreseeable future, maintaining European leadership in the
field;
the highest priority is to fully exploit the physics potential
of the LHC, resources for completion of the initial
programme
have to be secured such that machine and experiments can operate
optimally at their design performance.
A subsequent major
luminosity upgrade (SLHC), motivated by physics results
and operation experience, will be enabled by
focussed
R&D;
to this end, R&D for machine and detectors has to be vigorously
pursued now and centrally organized towards a luminosity
upgrade by around 2015.
•
1 y of
delay
in LHC and detector
commissioning
•
2 y for the incident and for
next
splice
consolidation
•
2 y more of
operation
to
reach
~500 fb
-
1
(Int.
Lumi
per
year
~ 50 fb
-
1, not 100 !)
Statement
is
perfectly
actual
and
valid
However
the date
must
be
shifted
5
years
20 July 2010
2
L. Rossi
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HL
-
LHC Design Study
The
baseline
in 2003
-
2006
Radiation damage limit
~700 fb
-
1
Paper of J. Strait et
al. PAC2003
Need
of change in 2013
-
15. Main hardware:
•
HF
Quadrupole
magnets
for 13
-
15 T
New program (in // to LHC construction)
•
US
-
LARP in US in 2003 (6 MCHF/y 2006
-
13)
–
based
on a Nb
3
Sn DOE program 1998
-
2010
•
FP6
-
CARE : NED JRA to
develop
EU Nb3Sn in
2004
-
08 .
Its
positive
effects
NOW!
•
FP7
EuCard
IA: WP on HFM 2009
-
2012
In 2007 new
–
anticipated
–
scenario :
•
Nb
3
Sn not
ready
before
2015
-
17
•
Decision
to
target
a first upgrade in 2012
-
13
Phase 1
based
on Nb
-
Ti
Ø=120 mm
FP7 SLHC
-
PP
launched
for 2008
-
2010
20 July 2010
3
L. Rossi
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HL
-
LHC Design Study
Updated
LHC
lumi
vs. (end of)
year
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
-5.1E+19
2.0E+33
4.0E+33
6.0E+33
8.0E+33
1.0E+34
1.2E+34
1.4E+34
1.6E+34
1.8E+34
2.0E+34
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Integrated luminosity [fb
-
1
]
Luminosity [cm
-
2
s
-
1
]
to nominal - lumi
to ultimate - lumi
hf.2 - lumi
to ultimate
to nominal
hf.2 - int
Courtesy
of M.
Lamont
,
spring
2010
20 July 2010
4
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
MTP “Observations from the DG”
•
Thus, the MTP assumes the feasibility of the energy
upgrade of the PS Booster and does not include the
start of the LP
-
SPL and PS2 construction as of 2013
•
In order to optimize the strategy towards the
HL
-
LHC,
with the goal of maximizing the integrated luminosity
useful for physics, Management has set up a task force.
A preliminary recommendation from this task force is to
delay the inner triplet replacement to a
single HL
-
LHC
upgrade around 2020.
•
Now at CERN a project has been set lead by Lucio Rossi
(Oliver Bruning, deputy).
20 July 2010
5
L. Rossi
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HL
-
LHC Design Study
What needs for average
lumi
5x10
34
New lay
-
out of some part of LHC
•
Improve some correctors
–
Commissioning @ 600
-
650 A the lattice
sextupoles
–
New MQT corrector scheme using existing spare 600 A bus bars
•
Re
-
commissioning DS quads at higher gradient
•
Review MSs
–
Change of New Q5/Q4 (larger aperture), with new stronger
corrector orbit, displacements of few magnets
–
Larger aperture D2
•
(may be other actions, more quads in points 6 and 7)
•
Displacement of Power Converters & DFBs at least of Inner
Triplets but also of OTHER equipment on
surface
by means
of SC links.
•
Cryo
-
plant for RF in point 4 : 5
-
7 kW @ 4.5 K
20 July 2010
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
6
The main ingredient of the upgrade
IR Quads
•
High Gradient/Large Aperture Quads, with
B
peak
13
-
15 T
.
Higher field quadrupoles translate in
higher gradient/shorter length
or larger
aperture/same length or a mix .
US
-
LARP
engaged to produce proof by 2013. Construction
is 1 year more than
Nb
-
Ti : by 2018
is a prudent
assumption.
as small as 22 cm are possible
with a
factor
㈮2
in luminosity by itself,
if
coupled with
a mechanism to compensate the
geometrical reduction.
If a new way of correcting
chromatic aberration could be found
,
慳獭s汬
as 10
-
12 cm can be eventually envisaged.
20 July 2010
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
7
HF Nb
3
Sn Quad
•
Nb
3
Sn is becoming a reality (first LQ long
-
3.6 m
–
quad 90 mm)
•
This year we expect a second LQ
and a 1 m long
-
120 mm
aperture model
•
In 3 years: 4
-
6 m long magnets, 120 mm ap., G=180
-
200 T/m
20 July 2010
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
8
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
0
10
20
30
40
50
Quench number
Current (kA)
TQS01a
TQS02a
TQS03a
LQS01a
4.5 K
~3 K
1.9 K
Note
: LQS01 &
TQS02
use same strand
design
(RRP 54/61)
200 T/m
•
Crab Cavities
: this is the best candidate for exploiting
small
(for
around nominal only +15%). However
it should be underlined that today Crab Cavities are not
validated for LHC , not even conceptually:
the issue of
machine protection should be addressed with
priority.
•
Global Scheme. 1 cavity in IP4, Proof on LHC, good for 1 X
-
ing
.
•
Semi
-
global; it may work!(JP
Koutchouck
)
•
Local scheme; 1 cavity per IP side.
Maybe local doglegs needed.
–
Early Separation Scheme
could be an alternative (or a
complement)
•
Both
scheme
,
Crab
Cavities
and ESS
provide
a simple
mean
to do
levelling
The main ingredient of the upgrade
RF Crab cavities
20 July 2010
9
L. Rossi
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HL
-
LHC Design Study
Crab Cavities
20 July 2010
L. Rossi
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HL
-
LHC Design Study
10
q
c
Elliptical 800 MHz not far from being
designed. Require 400 mm beam
-
beam
400 MHz small cavity under conceptual
study, they can (?) fit in 194 mm beam
-
beam. Required for final solution
Ref. : F. Zimmermann, Ed
Ciapala
•
New
Cryoplants
in IP1 & IP5: for power AND to
make independent Arc
-
IR:
2.8 kW @ 1.8 K scales as 5.2 kW @ 2 K (for 1 set
of cold compressor)
•
Special
dedicated
collimation system (
also
for
background) and Machine protection
•
Robotics
for
remote
manipulation
–
Dismantling
present
Triplet
–
Installation HL
-
LHC
–
Maintenance
–
Dismounting
HL
-
LHC ???
Making the system capable to swallow
2
-
4 kW per IP
20 July 2010
11
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
It
is
new
entire
project
we
need
a Design
Study
•
The
work
od
SLHC
-
PP has been essential to arrive to
thsi
pointz
and
most
of
it
will
be
used
•
Scope of the HL
-
LHC DS:
•
Carry out the study to produce a consistent design to
reach 5 10
34
with
levelling
, allow LHC to reach the goal of
1000 fb
-
1
by 2025
–
Exploring in details all solutions and paths for the upgrade, both
in terms of LHC operational mode and hardware changes
–
Producing by end 2013 a PDR (Preliminary Design Report)
enabling the CERN Council
, to make a choice about the
configuration of LHC upgrade.
–
Producing
by end of 2014/
half
2015 a TDR (Technical Design
Report) of the
selected
path
for the upgrade
defining
the
maximum goal for the LHC
luminosity
20 July 2010
12
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
New CERN plan
Already
in: new
Cryo
P4
CC in P4
–
possibly
11 T
dipole
for DS in 2016
20 July 2010
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
13
HL
-
LHC
is
well
anchored
in the
program of CERN.
However
the
prgram
may
suffer
from
reduction
of
budget, shift in the
LHC
schedule
…
But
it
may
be
required
to
compensate
SHORTFALL in LHC…
Resources
•
10 M
€
total
cost
over 4
years
: July 2011
-
2015
•
Reimbursment
by EU
–
40%
may
be
reimbursed
by EU
•
CERN
offers
by free the
technical
development
, but
will
be
reimbursed
100% for
management. Exception for
fellow
?
•
We
need
to use
EuCard
(and
other
program)
–
Most of
resources
on personnel
–
Some
hardware,
especially
for
orphan
items
•
Generate
positive attitude in
other
labs
:
–
KEK has put (
with
no
engagments
10 MCHF + 50 MCHF for HL
-
LHC
-
Magnets
R&D and construction…)
–
US
-
LARP
Magnets
R&D
is
perhaps
getting
reinforced
…
–
Non EU
labs
can
participate
to
governance
(but no EU
funds
)
•
The
names
herein
are CERN
coordinators
:
each
of
it
will
be
joined
by a
non
-
CERN
coordinator
.
Except
project
Coordinator
, the
co
-
ordinator
ijn
charge for
two
years
,
nominate
by the
governing
board
.
20 July 2010
14
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
WP 1
–
Management
Lucio Rossi
•
Main
tasks
–
General management of the DS and
link
with
other
similar
entities
outside
EU
–
General plan and
coherence
of the
parameters
–
Risk
Analysis
and mitigation plans
–
Coordination
with
the LHC machines performance and planning
–
LHC INJ
requirements
–
Coordination
with
Physics
requirement
–
Link to
outside
partner
–
Synergy
with
HE
-
LHC design
feature
–
Outreach
and
dissemination
–
Radioprotection &
Legal
–
Enviroment
impact
•
Participant: CERN
20 July 2010
15
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
WP2
–
Beam
Physics
and Lay
-
out
Oliver Bruning
•
Topics:
•
Investigate the parameter space: optics (beta*, beta* aspect ratio) and “moderately” the beam
parameters (beam pattern, bunch charge,
emittance
, bunch length) to establish a baseline
corresponding to a peak luminosity ≥ 5E34 without head
-
on collision tools (crab
-
cavities, D0 or b
-
b
wire) .
•
Specify, organise and participate to dedicated LHC machine studies to validate some specific
aspects the proposed baseline (e.g. off
-
momentum beta
-
beating correction, two
-
stages squeeze
concept of the low
-
beta IR’s and flat beam optics).
•
Study and establish a short list of additional ingredients (head
-
on collision tools, more aggressive
beam parameters, e.g. so
-
called LPA scheme) to reach the integrated luminosity goal (5E34 average
lumi
per coast after levelling).
•
Develop and maintain consistency in the parameters and modelling for any kind of beam dynamics
studies (dynamic aperture, beam
-
beam and dedicated studies in collaboration with the collimation
and crab
-
cavity work
-
packages):
–
Develop new physical model and numerical tools (e.g. beam
-
beam kick induced by a fully 6D
coupled strong beam for simulations with crab
-
cavities).
–
Provide a consistent infrastructure (HL
-
LHC sequence, optics, aperture model, model for
magnet field imperfections, Mad
-
X reference jobs).
•
Interface with WP3 to specify the main parameters and layout of the HL
-
LHC new magnets (IT, D1,
D2, Q4) and additional hardware modifications or tests needed in the LHC Ring (magnet re
-
commissioning at higher than nominal currents, layout modifications in other LHC insertions as IR6
or IR4).
20 July 2010
16
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
WP 2
cont
.
•
Partners
–
CERN
–
US LARP
–
KEK
–
INFN
–
CEA
-
CNRS
–
UK (CKI) ?
–
German
Universities
KIT ?
–
ES (Valencia) ?
–
PSI ? EPFL ?
20 July 2010
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
17
WP3
-
Magnet
Design
Ezio Todesco
•
Main
topics
–
Magnet
lay
-
out modification (
with
WP2)
–
NbTi
assesment
and
parameters
for IR and
MSs
–
New
Magnet
Corrector Design
–
NbSn
assessment
and
parameters
for IR and DS
–
Assessment
of new
technology
for IR (HTS for
magnetized
TAS,
etc
…)
–
Sc
links and PC relocation
–
Synergy
with
HE
-
LHC
technolgy
•
Participation
–
CERN
–
UniGe
–
CEA
–
INFN
–
Uni
SouthHampton
–
US
-
LARP
–
KEK
–
STCF
-
RAL ?
20 July 2010
18
L. Rossi
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HL
-
LHC Design Study
WP4: Crab Cavity Design (1/2)
Ed Ciapala
•
Main cavity topics:
–
Design optimization for novel schemes (minimum # of peripherals)
–
Cavity and cryomodule specifications (LHC report)
–
Simulations (Couplers, tuner, MP, mechanical, thermal, …)
–
Fabrication and measurements on copper models field profile,
impedance, errors)
–
Demonstration of field gradients in compact cavities (4 structures)
–
Q
-
slope, onset of field emission and quench
–
Performance, decide between 2K and 4K
–
Coupler and tuner development and testing
–
Study of mech. resonances,
microphonics
–
Performance with couplers and horizontal cryostat
–
Performance with beam (e.g. SPS
-
impedance, collimation)
–
Interlocks and fast Feedback (other measures like
Qext
)
–
Common power and cryogenic systems across the IPs (?)
–
LLRF and controls
20 July 2010
19
L. Rossi
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HL
-
LHC Design Study
WP4: Crab Cavity Design (2/2)
•
Main CC with beam topics
–
RF behavior for cavity quench or turbulent behavior
–
Tracking simulations for loss maps for fast failure modes (with WP 6 “Machine
protection”)
–
Beam
-
beam simulations to investigate instabilities, noise issues and DA (with
WP 2 “Beam physics”)
–
Impedance and growth rate estimates for specific HOMs to specify exact
damping and feedback measures
–
Effect of non
-
zero dispersion and stable working points (with WP 2 “Beam
physics”)
–
Crab consistent optics (with WP 2 “Beam physics”)
•
Potential participants:
–
CERN
–
Cockcroft Institute (U
Lanc
)
–
US
-
LARP
–
KEK
–
CEA
20 July 2010
20
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
WP5
–
Collimation & Beam Losses
Ralph Assmann
•
Topics:
–
Design of modified IR collimation system for the 2018
-
20 high luminosity
upgrade.
–
IR loss
-
maps and support for background studies.
–
Impact of upgrades (e.g. crab cavities, off
-
momentum beta beat) on the
collimation system.
–
Collimators, absorbers, … for the high luminosity upgrade.
–
Does not include the high intensity upgrade of the collimation system
presently foreseen for 2014/15.
•
Participants
–
CERN
–
LARP/FNAL (N. Mokhov)
–
RHUL (G. Blair)
–
University Valencia (A. Faus
-
Golfe)
20 July 2010
21
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
WP6
–
Machine Protection
Jorg Wenninger
•
Content
–
Dump
–
Kicker
–
Failure
scenario
–
Safety
of new
equipment
–
Interlock mangement
•
Partecipants
:
–
CERN
–
?
20 July 2010
22
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
WP7
-
Machine
-
Experiment
Interface
Austin Ball, Marzio Nessi
•
Content
–
Strategy
,
operation
mode,
beam
types
–
L* and Absorber,
aligment
–
Backgrounds (
with
WP5)
–
Early
separation
scheme
–
Integration
–
Interlocks
•
Partecipants
–
CERN
–
ATLAS & CMS
–
?
20 July 2010
23
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
Milestone
•
20 July : Meeting
with
our
EU (US
-
J ?)
partners
•
10 August: second
draft
•
September
: 2
nd
Meeting
•
September
:
visit
Brux
.?
•
1
October
:
near
to final
draft
•
15
October
last meeting
with
approval
of
docum
.
•
1
Nov
:
submission
•
Deadline
is
15
November
•
Lucio + Oliver + all
•
Lucio
•
Lucio & Oliver + all
•
Lucio & JPK +…
•
Lucio & Oliver + all
•
Lucio & Oliver
•
Lucio
•
All to
meet
it
!!!
20 July 2010
24
L. Rossi
-
HL
-
LHC Design Study
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