Che Husna Azhari
*
, Andanastuti Muchtar
*
, Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali
*
,
Noraiham Mohamad
*,**
, Iylia Arif Elias
*
,
*
Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
**
Faculty of Manufacturing, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100
Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.
Introduction
•
Behind
Armour
Blunt
Trauma
(BABT)
is
the
non
-
penetrating
injury
resulting
from
the
rapid
deformation
of
armours
covering
the
body
.
In
extreme
circumstances,
the
BABT
may
result
in
death,
even
though
the
projectile
has
not
perforated
the
armour
.
•
Two
principal
reasons
for
its
growing
prominence
:
1.
an increase in
the calibre
and available energy of
bullets
2.
the desire of the designers of personal armour
systems to reduce the weight and thickness of
soft armours and armour plates.
•
Trauma
Pack
or
Trauma
Attenuating
Backing
Materials
or
Trauma
Plate
or
Trauma
Pad
placed
between
the
armour
system
and
the
body
to
absorb,
dissipate,
and
redistribute
energy
transferred
f r o m
t h e
a r mo u r s
.
ENTRAP
is
an
ergonomic,
sustainable,
and
eco
-
friendly
system
built
to
improve
the
impact
resistance
and
kinetic
energy
absorption
properties
of
protective
apparel
;
especially
in
ballistics
application
.
It
provides
a
structure
that
when
utilized
by
itself
or
in
conjunction
with
conventional
armour
configurations
and/or
assemblies
will
efficiently
absorb
and
dissipate
the
impact
energy
from
projectile,
fragment
and
missiles
as
well
as
non
-
ballistic
impact
.
It
is
a
system
of
composite
configuration
which
incorporates
a
value
added
indigenous
material
epoxidised
natural
rubber
-
alumina
composite
(ENRAN)
with
natural
silk
(NS)
utilizing
inherent
advantages
to
form
a
trauma
pack
panel
.
The
panel
comprises
of
at
least
one
layer
of
high
damping,
visco
-
elastic
and
flexible
ENRAN
having
hard
particles
(ultimate
particle
size
of
~
11
µm)
uniformly
distributed
in
the
material
and
multiple
-
layer
of
stitched
high
strength,
high
modulus,
and
lightweight
woven
NS
consists
of
1000
Denier
yarns
(warp
and
weft
density
of
31
yarns
per
inch)
.
The
materials
were
assembled
and
packed
together
using
woven
nylon
which
stitched
around
its
perimeter
for
comfort
and
aesthetic
purposes
.
The
invention
is
flexible
and
versatile
since
it
can
be
developed
to
suit
a
wide
range
of
application
;
ballistic
or
non
-
ballistic
.
Its
flexibility
to
be
contour
sensitive
is
an
important
consideration
in
gender
-
sensitive
protective
apparel
.
For
a
specific
application,
a
designer
may
utilize
these
two
materials
(ENRAN
and
NS)
in
a
variety
thickness
and
configuration
according
to
the
protection
level
needed
.
Novelty
&
Advantages
•
High
Damping
and
High
Energy
Absorption
•
Proven
to
increase
Ballistic
Limit
of
bullet
resistance
panel
•
Sustainable,
and
Eco
-
friendly
–
NR
&
silk
•
Ergonomic
(Lighter
&
Flexible
than
rubber
coated
steel)
•
Affordable
than
aramid
/
kevlar
soft
pack
•
Customizable
&
Versatile
For further information please contact:
Prof. Dr.
Che
Husna
Azhari
Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment,
UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA, 43600,
Bangi
, Selangor,
Tel: 603
-
8921 3856
Fax: 603
-
8921 4590
Email: pghppkk@ukm.my, mek@vlsi.eng.ukm.my
16.425
107.475
198.525
289.575
380.625
Absorbed energy (J)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
15.00
21.25
27.50
33.75
40.00
ENRAN
NSP
A : ENRAN = 1.00 cm
B : NSP = 26 plies
V
50
(m/s)
-
1.000
-
0.500
0.000
0.500
1.000
121.25
161.88
202.5
243.13
283.75
A
A
B
B
Deviation from Reference Point
Energy absorption of ENRAN
-
Natural
Silk
-
Polyester (NSP) panel
*NIJ Standard 0101.04
–
Ballistic Resistance of Personal Body Armour
Ballistic limit of ENRAN
-
Natural
Silk
-
Polyester (NSP) panel
*NIJ Standard 0101.04
–
Ballistic Resistance of Personal Body
Armour
•
Configuration
•
Thickness
•
Shape
•
Size
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