Ontologies for the Semantic
Web
Prepared By:
Tseliso Molukanele
Rapelang Rabana
Supervisor:
Associate Professor Sonia Burman
20 July 2005
Overview
Introduce the Field of Ontologies
Approaches to Ontological Engineering
Inspirational Toolkit
Synthetic Toolkit
Resources Required
Work Allocation
Milestones
What are Ontologies?
“Ontology is a negotiated, agreed
conceptualization of reality that is
arrived at by consensus involving all
stakeholders”
An agreed upon description of
information:
-
definition of terms
-
‘is
-
a’ hierachy
-
‘has
-
a’ hierachy
Who uses ontologies?
Philosophy
AI
WWW
Library Science
Office
Why use ontologies?
A better WWW
Automatic Machine processing
Faster browsing/searching
Realize difference/similarity of
concepts
Evolution of OWL
HTML
XML
RDF
(Resource Description Framework )
OWL
(Web Ontology Language)
Project Objectives
Develop toolkits that aids the non
-
Computer Science user:
-
to create ontologies
-
to manage/use ontologies
Ontological Engineering
Creating ontologies
Inspirational Approach
Synthetic Approach
The Inspirational Approach
Own creativity/imagination
Personal view of domain
No prior constructs
From scratch
Extensions to OWL
UCT PhD Student Daniel Semwayo
Extra features
Granularity
Realise niche of entity
Inspirational Toolkit
Build ontologies from users
specification
Adhere fully to OWL
Incorporate Daniel Semwayo’s
Extension
Be usable
Questions tackled
Does a tool for building usable
ontologies exist?
Are simple specifications better then
more constructs?
Is Daniel Semwayo’s extension
enforceable?
Success Factors
Complete implementation that adheres
to OWL
Improved productivity in creation of
ontologies
Enforcement of extra methodology
Improved productivity in the use of
ontologies by extra methodology
The Synthetic Approach
Identification of an ontology or set of
ontologies
Manipulation and merging of
ontologies
SYNTHESIS of ontologies
How is this approach useful?
Embraces multiple ontologies
Opportunity for interaction and sharing
Related Work
‘Ontology Applications & Design’
-
Gruninger and Lee
‘OIL: Ontology Infrastructure to Enable
the Semantic Web’
-
Fensel and Horrocks
Gruninger & Lee
Approach A
Use consortia and
standards
organizations to
develop
comprehensive
ontology
requires
collaborative design
which is time
-
consuming and
expensive
Approach B
Develop lots of
lightweight and
then merge them
requires ontology
mapping and
merging, so
ontologies must
follow one standard
Objectives of Synthetic Toolkit
Facilitate integrated usage of existing
ontologies to produce a customized,
more relevant ontology
Be usable by non
-
Computer Scientists
The Synthetic Toolkit
Allow for a base of ontologies to be
selected and imported into Toolkit
Provide supportive functions:
browsing, modifying, manipulating,
organising and merging
Allow resultant ontology to be exported
to an application to be used for a
particular purpose, eg: search
application
Limitations of Synthetic Toolkit
Synthesis of ontologies built in
compliance with a single web ontology
language, OWL
Merging cannot be fully automated
Major design Challenges
Standardise presentation of diverse
and/or large ontologies
Importing and merging differing
ontologies
Ensuring ease of use for non
-
computer
scientists
How will Toolkit be evaluated?
Require: users with some expertise in
a particular subjects
Users select and synthesize ontologies
to suit their needs
Users export resultant ontology to
search application to ascertain impact
on search results
General Resources Required
OWL Parsers
Collection of ontologies
Database for search application
Test subjects
Work Allocation
Inspirational Toolkit & Extensions:
Tseliso Molukanele
Synthetic Toolkit & Search Application:
Rapelang Rabana
Major Milestones
Milestone
Date of
Completion
Background & Literature Survey
26 Aug
Ontologies imported to Synthetic Toolkit
and Search Engine Implemented
Sept 7
Core functionality of Inspirational Toolkit
Implemented
Sept 12
Supportive Functions of Synthetic Toolkit &
Extensions of Inspirational Toolkit
Implemented
Sept 22
Testing
Oct 3
Final Report
Oct 7
Conclusion
Ontologies play a key role in
Knowledge Management
Must provide better support for their
creation and use
Inspirational and Synthetic approaches
adopted, explore the possibilities of
greater support
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