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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
Introduction to TCP/IP
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
What is TCP/IP
T
ransmission
C
ontrol
P
rotocol/
I
nternet
P
rotocol
TCP/IP refers to an entire suite of networking
protocols, developed for use on the Internet
TCP
and
IP
are certainly two of the most important
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
TCP/IP Characteristics
TCP/IP provides the services necessary to
interconnect computers and to interconnect networks,
creating the
Internet
Independence from underlying network topology,
physical network hardware, and OS
Unique IP Address
Universal connectivity throughout the network
Standardize high
-
level protocols
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
TCP/IP Internetworking
Token
Ring
FDDI
Private Nets
and Internet
Router
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
LAN and Devices
LANs are designed to :
Operate within a limited geographic area
Allow multiaccess to high
-
bandwidth media
Control the network privately under local administration
Provide full
-
time connectivity to local services
Connect physically adjacent devices
ATM
Switch
Ethernet
Switch
Bridge
Hub
Router
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
Wide
-
Area Networks and Devices
WANs are designed to :
Operate over geography of telecommunications carriers
Allow access over serial interfaces operating at lower speeds
Control the network subject to regulated public services
Provide full
-
time and part
-
time connectivity
Connect devices separated over wide, even global areas
ATM
Switch
Router
Modem
CSU/DSU
TA/NT1
S
X.25 or
Frame Relay
Switch
Comm.
Server
Multiplexor
stat
mux
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
TCP/IP Networking Software
TCP/IP protocol suites define a set of universal
communication services
Services can be implemented in a standardized
manner in the networking software, normally bundled
with OS
TCP/IP
Comm.
Software
Internet
TCP/IP
Comm.
Software
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
TCP/IP and Internet
1957 USSR sputnik, USA established ARPA
1969 ARPA funded ARPANET
1971 Network with 15 nodes
1974 Cerf/Kahn Protocol
1973 Ethernet (Ph.D Disssertation Bob Metcalfe)
1982/83 TCP/IP as a core protocol
1983 4.2 BSD Unix with TCP/IP from UCB
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
Internet growth
Year #Hosts
69 4
84 1024
87 28174
90 313000
91 617000
92 1.1M
93 2.0M
94 3.8M
95 6.6M
96 12.8M
1/97 16M
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
Internet Technical Bodies
ISOC
-
Internet Society
.
Professional society to
promote the use of Internet for research and scholar
communication and collaboration
IAB
-
Internet Archtecture Board
.
Technical
oversight and coordination, falls under ISOC
IETF
-
Internet Engineering Task force.
Current
protocols and specifications for standardization.
Meets 3 times a year, organized in working groups
IRTF
-
Internet Research Task force.
Research
oriented for future.
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
Internet Administrations
DDN
-
the USA Defense Data Network is the government
organization that has overall responsibilty for administrating the
Internet
DDN NIC
(Network Information Center)
assigns unigues names and addresses
collects and distributes information about TCP/IP protocols
IANA
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
assigns valur for network parameters, name of services,
identifiers
NOC
(Network Operations Center)
manages communication links
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
IAB Standard Tracks
RFC
Internet Draft
Proposed
Standard
Draft Standard
Official Standard
Circulated technical documents call
Request For Comments
Revision RFC
protocol specifications should be stable
technically and should have no bugs or
holes.
at least 2 independence and interoparable
implementation that test all specification
funcions
have had significant field use and clear
communinity interest in production use.
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
Protocol Status Levels
All TCP/IP protocol have one of the following five
status levels
Required
Recommended
Elective
Limited use
Not recommended
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
Internet documents
RFC
number with RFC XXXX, more than 1700 nows
updated RFCs are published with ne RFC numbers
not all RFCs describe protocols. not all RFCs are used
ftp://ds.internic.net
STD
(STandDard)
official Internet standard
FYI
(For Your Information)
RFCs series that do not contain protocol specifications
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
Sample Documents
RFC
2030 I D. Mills,
"Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP)
Version 4 for IPv4, IPv6 and OSI
", 10/30/1996. (Pages=18)
(Format=.txt) (Obsoletes RFC1769)
1879 I B. Manning, "
Class A Subnet Experiment Results and
Recommendations
", 01/15/1996. (Pages=6) (Format=.txt)
FYI
0023
Guide to Network Resource Tool
. EARN Staff. March 1994.
(Format:TXT=235112 bytes) (Also RFC1580)
0028
Netiquette Guidelines. S. Hambridge
. October 1995.
(Format: TXT=46185 bytes) (Also RFC1855)
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
TCP/IP Architectural Layers
Application
Transport
Internet
Network
Physical
Network
Applications
End
-
to
-
end
Services
Routing
Transmission
Network Interface
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
Physical
TCP/IP and OSI
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Transport
Internet
Network
TCP/IP
OSI
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
TCP/IP majors protocols
Physical
Application
Transport
Internet
Network
FTP TELNET SMTP TFTP NFS NTP SNMP NNTP
DNS BOOTP DHCP HTTP X
-
windows
TCP UDP
IP
Network Driver Software
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
Communications Protocols
A Communication protocol that provides a data
transfer service can be either
connection
-
oriented
or
connectionless
Connection
-
oriented
--
A connection is generated
before the data is exchanged (e.g. TCP)
Connectionless
--
Try its best to delivery data, no
need to establish connection (e.g. UDP)
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
FTP
Server
Client
-
Server Relationships
One application component,
called
Server
,
provides a well
-
defined services for application
components running, called
client
Clients make a request for a
services by transmitiing data to
the server.
Servers reply by sending data
back to the client
How the server knowns type of
services ?
TELNET
Server
TELNET
Client
FTP
Cleint
FTP
Cleint
FTP
Client
TELNET
Server
TELNET
Client
FTP
Server
FTP
Server
FTP Protocol
FTP Protocol
FTP Protocol
TELNET Protocol
TELNET Protocol
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Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 204325 Introduction to Computer Communications and Networks
CONSYL
Port Assignments
Servers are known by ports number
FTP 20, TELNET 23, SMTP 25, HTTP 80
Port numbers are generally allocated by
0
--
not used
1
-
255
--
Reserved ports for well
-
known services
256
-
1023
--
Other reserved ports
1024
-
65535
--
user
-
defined server ports
Unix store general used port in
/etc/services
Applications
Transport
Network access
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