Engineering Disciplines and Majors
Notes from Brockman, Ch1
Oakes, Ch2
Tom
Rebold
MPC
Questions from Last Class
•
What is the role of Engineering in Society?
•
What is the Engineering Method?
Agenda
•
Engineering Disciplines and Majors
•
Engineering Technology Majors
•
Engineering Roles and Functions
•
Industries that employ Engineers
•
Scavenger Hunt Activity
Engineering is Inherently
Multidisciplinary
•
We saw in last lecture how technology forms a
web of related areas that interact with each
other:
Systems Theory Again
•
We also saw how we can group related items
into subsystems to help clarify the role of
different parts.
Engineering Discipline Formation
•
As Engineering developed into different areas,
new disciplines split off and solidified into
distinct fields.
•
Timeline: Civil
Mechanical
Electrical , etc.
•
Like automobile systems, we don’t and CAN’T
understand everything about these fields
–
Just need to know their general functions
–
We will need to specialize in one discipline
–
We will often work with people from many disciplines
New Disciplines are Emerging
•
Keep an eye out for these:
–
Sustainable Energy
–
Robotics
–
Genetic Engineering
–
Nanotechnology
–
Mechatronics
–
Smart Building Technology
•
“Hot” areas that may grow into separate disciplines
–
For now they are subfields of existing disciplines
–
You can take upper division classes in some of these
How important is your choice of
Engineering Discipline?
•
20
-
25 years after graduation
–
Most have switched fields more than once
–
Few are working in their major area, or what they thought
they’d be working on
•
IMPORTANT: Choose to study engineering!!
–
and develop a foundation that you can build on
–
much more important than the choice of which field in
engineering to major in.
•
Society
needs engineers of all disciplines in order to face
the challenges ahead.
•
Society also needs more people in business and public
policy who see the world from an engineer's perspective.
A Matrix of Choices
•
In developing your career you will eventually
have to decide:
–
What discipline of
engineering to pursue
(choose a major, 1 of 10 or so)
–
What specific engineering job function to perform
(1 of several)
–
What industry to work in (1 of ten or more)
–
10x10x10 = thousands of possibilities!!!
Copyright © 2012 by Oxford
University Press, Inc.
Engineering Your Future:
A Brief Introduction to Engineering, 4/e
Figure 2.1
Engineering positions. [Grace and Daniels]
Choice 1: Engineering Disciplines/Majors
•
We start with a brief overview of the branches
of engineering available at many (but not all)
universities
12
Chapter 2:
Engineering
Majors
Section 2.3
–
Engineering Majors
Aerospace
Agricultural
Architectural
Biomedical
Chemical
Civil
Computer
Electrical
Environmental
Industrial
Marine / Ocean
Materials
Mechanical
Mining
Nuclear
Petroleum
+ others
13
Chapter 2:
Engineering Majors
Section 2.3
–
Engineering Majors
Aerospace
Involves flight within our atmosphere (aero
-
) and flight
outside our atmosphere (space)
Studies aerodynamics, propulsion, structures, control
systems, orbital mechanics.
Agricultural
Involved with processing/production of agricultural
products
Studies harvesting methods, food processes, soil/water
resources, electrical/information technology,
bioengineering
14
Chapter 2:
Engineering Majors
Section 2.3
–
Engineering Majors
Architectural
Different from, but complementary to, the field of
Architecture
Four main divisions: (1) Structural, (2) Electrical and
Lighting, (3) Mechanical systems, and (4) Construction
Engineering and Management
Biomedical
Grew out of Mechanical Engineering, now encompasses
several other fields, including the life sciences
Relatively new major, may cover Bioengineering, medical
engineering, and clinical engineering
15
Chapter 2:
Engineering Majors
Section 2.3
–
Engineering Majors
Chemical
Large emphasis on chemistry: different from other
majors
Most common employment: design, development and
operation of
large
-
scale chemical production facilities.
May be employed by pharmaceutical, petroleum or food
-
producing companies.
Civil
One of the oldest of all majors, dates to prehistoric times
Subsets include structural, architectural, environmental,
transportation, traffic, water resources, surveying, urban
planning, and construction.
16
Chapter 2:
Engineering Majors
Section 2.3
–
Engineering Majors
Computer
Often combined with EE in university engineering
depts
Focus on computer
hardware
(
Computer Science
focuses
mainly on computer software)
Involved with operating systems, computer architecture,
printers, other peripherals
Electrical
The most populated of all engineering majors
Studies communication technologies, electronics, electrical
circuits, digital controls, instrumentation, signal processing,
and power.
17
Chapter 2:
Engineering Majors
Section 2.3
–
Engineering Majors
Environmental
Branched off from Civil Engineering major
Has evolved to improve and protect the environment, while
maintaining the rapid pace of industrial activity.
Three main parts: (1) Disposal, (2) Remediation, and
(3) Prevention
Industrial
Defined as the design, improvement and installation of
integrated systems of people, material and energy.
Four main areas: (1) Production, (2) Manufacturing,
(3) Human Factors, and (4) Operations Research
18
Chapter 2:
Engineering Majors
Section 2.3
–
Engineering Majors
Marine & Ocean Engineering
Marine Engineering
: focus on design, development and
operation of ships and boats
Ocean Engineering
:
focus on everything outside of Marine
Engrg
, including ocean
-
going structures, submersible
vehicles, underwater pipelines, offshore drilling platforms
Materials
Study material structures, properties, processes,
performance
Sub
-
groups include metallurgy, ceramics, polymers,
composites, and semi
-
conductor materials
Biomedical applications include artificial knee/hip joints
19
Chapter 2:
Engineering Majors
Section 2.3
–
Engineering Majors
Mechanical (ME)
One of the largest and broadest of all engineering majors
Two main divisions:
(1)
Design & Controls
, (2)
Thermal Sciences
MEs design and implement engines, power generation
systems, heating/ ventilation / air conditioning (HVAC)
systems, manufacturing processes, robotics and
applications in biomedical engineering
20
Chapter 2:
Engineering Majors
Section 2.3
–
Engineering Majors
Nuclear
Concerned with use/control of energy from nuclear sources
Involves electricity production (fission reactors), propulsion
systems (e.g., submarine), waste disposal and radiation
applications (e.g., medicine)
Mining
Study material structures, properties, processes,
performance
Sub
-
groups include metallurgy, ceramics, polymers,
composites, and semi
-
conductor materials
Biomedical applications include artificial knee/hip joints
Petroleum
Maintain the flow of petroleum and natural gas
in a safe and reliable manner
Involved in
•
Exploration for crude oil deposits
–
Works with geologists and geophysicists to
identify potential reserves
•
Removal of oil
•
Transporting/Refining oil
21
Chapter 2:
Engineering Majors
Section 2.3
-
Engineering Majors
22
Chapter 2:
Engineering Majors
Section 2.3
–
Engineering Majors
Other Engineering Fields:
Automotive
Acoustical
Applied Math
Bioengineering
Engineering Science
Engineering Management
Excavation Engineering
Fire Engineering
Forest Engineering
General Engineering
Genetic Engineering
Geological Engineering
Inventive Design
Manufacturing Engineering
Packaging Engineering
Pharmaceutical Engineering
Plastics Engineering
Power Engineering
Systems Engineering
Theatre Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Welding Engineering
What about Engineering Technology?
•
Engineering technology is the profession in which a
knowledge of mathematics and natural sciences gained
by higher education, experience, and practice is
devoted primarily to the
implementation and extension
of existing technology
for the benefit of humanity.
•
Engineering technology education focuses primarily on
the applied aspects of science and engineering aimed
at preparing graduates for practice in that portion of
the technological spectrum closest to product
improvement, manufacturing, construction, and
engineering operational functions.
Engineering Technology
Broadens Your Choices
People with scientific or technical ambitions can
•
Choose to major in the Sciences:
–
Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc.
–
For people pursuing higher degrees, laboratory research,
or careers in education
•
Choose to major in Engineering
–
Civil engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical
Engineering, etc.
–
Requires highly developed analytical skills
–
Prepares for careers conceptualizing and designing
technical devices/systems
Engineering Technology
Broadens Your Choices
People with scientific or technical ambitions can
•
Not attend college
–
Enroll in a technical or vocational school
–
For people interested in the trades
–
For careers in physically building, operating, or repairing
machinery
•
Choose to major in Engineering Technology
–
Help meet growing need for college
-
educated problem solvers
–
Who support the engineering process
–
Can be a 2 year or 4 year degree
–
Degree holders are called “Technologists”
Engineering Technology Disciplines
•
Aeronautical Engineering Technology
•
Air Conditioning Engineering Technology
•
Architectural Engineering Technology
•
Automotive Engineering Technology
•
Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering Technology
•
Civil Engineering Technology
•
Computer Engineering Technology
•
Construction Engineering Technology
•
Drafting and Design Engineering Technology
•
Electrical Engineering Technology
•
Electromechanical Engineering Technology
•
Engineering Technology (General)
•
Environmental Engineering Technology
•
Industrial Engineering Technology
•
Instrumentation and Control Systems Engineering Technology
•
Manufacturing Engineering Technology
•
Marine Engineering Technology
•
Mechanical Engineering Technology
•
Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Technology
•
Surveying and
Geomatics
Engineering Technology
•
Telecommunications Engineering Technology
•
Other Fields in Engineering Technology
Copyright © 2012 by Oxford
University Press, Inc.
Engineering Your Future:
A Brief Introduction to Engineering, 4/e
Figure 2.1
Engineering positions. [Grace and Daniels]
28
Choice 2:
Engineering
Functions
A Function describes what an engineer might do
in a job environment.
Functions include:
Research and Development (“R and D”)
Test
Design
Teaching
Sales
Engineering
Functions
Research
-
explore, discover and apply new
principles
Development
-
transform ideas or concepts into
production processes
Design
-
link the generation of ideas and the
production
Engineering Functions
Production and testing
-
manufacture and assemble
components or products, verify quality
Marketing/Sales
–
match client needs with
recommended parts/services
Operations
-
maintain equipment and facilities
Field
–
Maintain and test product on location
Quality
–
Ensure product performance
Safety
–
Ensure safety of workers and community
Engineering Functions
Management
-
optimize the use of resources
(equipment, labor, finances)
Education
-
teach engineering principles in university
and industrial settings
Consulting
-
provide specialized engineering services
to clients. May work alone or in partnership other
engineers.
OTHER
—
many engineers go into sciences, law,
medicine, business, finance, politics, arts, etc.
Journey
to the
Top
Copyright © 2012 by Oxford
University Press, Inc.
Engineering Your Future:
A Brief Introduction to Engineering, 4/e
Figure 2.1
Engineering positions. [Grace and Daniels]
Choice 3: Industry
•
Each branch and job function can operate in most
of the following industries, or sectors of the
economy:
–
Transportation
–
Consumer Products
–
Entertainment
–
Communication
–
Energy
–
Agriculture
–
Construction
–
Medical
–
Other
Consider the possibilities of
•
A mechanical engineer (ME) who works in
design moving across the following job
sectors
—
–
Aerospace
—
–
Biomedical
—
–
Power
—
–
Consumer Products
—
–
Computer
—
Consider the possibilities of
•
A mechanical engineer (ME) who works in
design moving across the following job
sectors
—
–
Aerospace
—
Design an aircraft engine
–
Biomedical
—
Design an artificial leg
–
Power
—
Design a heat recovery system
–
Consumer Products
—
Design a pump for
toothpaste
–
Computer
—
Design a new inkjet nozzle
Scavenger Hunt type
questions
•
What problem or application would span all
two or three of the following disciplines?
–
Industrial, Chemical and Electrical
–
Materials and
Biomedical
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