Technology
in Action
Alan Evans
•
Kendall Martin
Mary Anne Poatsy
Tenth
Edition
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Technology in Action
Chapter 2
Looking at
Computers
Understanding the Parts
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Chapter Topics
•
Understanding Your Computer
•
Input Devices and Output Devices
•
Processing, Memory, and Storage
•
Ports and Power Controls
•
Setting It All Up
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
2
Understanding Your Computer
Computers are Data Processing Devices
•
Performs
four major
functions
–
Input
: Gathers data, allows users to
enter
data
–
Process
: Manipulates, calculates, or
organizes data into information
–
Output
: Displays data and information for user
–
Storage
: Saves data and information for later
use
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
3
Understanding Your
Computer
Computers are Data Processing Devices (cont.)
•
Data
: Representation of a fact, figure, or
idea
•
Information
: Data
that has been o
rganized
or presented in a meaningful fashion
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
4
Understanding Your
Computer
Bits and Bytes: The Language of Computers
•
The language
of
computers
–
Bit
•
Binary digit
•
0 or 1
–
Byte
•
8 bits
•
Each letter, number, or character is a
unique combination of 8 bits of 0s and 1s
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
5
Understanding Your
Computer
Bits and Bytes: The Language of Computers (cont.)
Name
Abbreviation
Number of Bytes
Byte
B
1 byte
Kilobyte
KB
1,024 bytes (2
10
)
Megabyte
MB
1,048,576 bytes (2
20
bytes)
Gigabyte
GB
1,073,741,824 bytes (2
30
bytes)
Terabyte
TB
1,099,511,627,776 bytes (2
40
bytes)
Petabyte
PB
1,125,899,906,842,62 bytes (2
50
bytes)
Exabyte
EB
1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes (2
60
bytes)
Zettabyte
ZB
1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes (2
70
bytes)
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
6
Understanding Your
Computer
Bits and Bytes: The Language of Computers (cont.)
•
Computer uses combination of hardware
and software to process data into
information
–
Hardware
is any part of the computer you can
physically touch
–
Software
is set of computer programs
•
Application softwar
e
•
System software
–
Operating system (OS)
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
7
Understanding Your
Computer
Types of Computers
•
Two basic designs of computers
–
Portable
•
Laptop computers
•
Netbooks
•
Tablet PCs
•
Tablet computer
•
Ultrabooks
–
Stationary
•
D
esktop computers
–
Separate case plus peripheral devices
•
All
-
in
-
one computers
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
8
Understanding Your
Computer
Types of Computers (cont.)
•
Mainframe
–
Supports many users simultaneously
•
Supercomputer
–
Performs complex calculations extremely
rapidly
•
Embedded
–
Self
-
contained computer devices performing
dedicated functions
–
Smartphone
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
9
Input Devices
•
Devices
used to enter
data and
instructions
into the
computer
•
Most common input devices:
–
Keyboards to enter typed data and commands
–
Mouse to enter responses and commands
•
Other input devices:
–
Microphone to input sounds
–
Scanner to input
nondigital
text
–
Digital camera to input digital images
–
Stylus to tap commands or draw on screen
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
10
Input Devices
Keyboards
•
QWERTY layout is standard on most PCs
•
Netbook and laptop
keys
are more
compact and have fewer keys
•
Wireless keyboards work via radio
frequencies
•
Alternative keyboards
–
Flexible keyboards
–
Virtual laser keyboard
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
11
Input Devices
Mice and Other Pointing Devices
•
Optical mouse
–
Internal sensor or laser detects movement
–
Moves pointer on the screen
•
Wireless mouse
–
Optical and trackball
–
Data sent by radio frequency (RF) or
Bluetooth technology
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
12
Input Devices
Mice and Other Pointing Devices (cont.)
•
Touch
pads and
trackpoint
devices
•
Take place of mouse on laptops
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
13
Input Devices
Mice and Other Pointing Devices (cont.)
•
Game controllers send data to computer
–
Joysticks
–
Game pads
–
Steering wheels
•
Most game controllers are wireless to
provide extra mobility
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
14
Input Devices
Touch Screens
•
Display screen that responds to
commands by touch with finger or stylus
•
Becoming popular on many computing
devices
–
Smartphones
–
Tablet PCs
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
15
Input Devices
Image Input
•
Digital
cameras, camcorders,
cell
phones
–
Capture pictures and video
•
Scanners
–
Create digital image
•
Webcams
–
Capture and transmit
live
video
–
Used for videoconferences
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
16
Input Devices
Sound Input
•
A microphone (
mic
) captures sound waves
and transfer them to digital format
•
Sound input allows
–
Video conferencing
–
Audio conferencing
–
Chatting with friends or family over the
Internet instead of using a phone
–
Recording podcasts
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
17
Input Devices
Sound Input (cont.)
•
Close talk microphones
•
Omnidirectional
•
Unidirectional
•
Clip
-
on microphones
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
18
Output Devices
•
Enable you to send processed data out of
the computer in the form of text, pictures,
sounds, or video
–
Monitors
–
Printers
–
Speakers and earphones
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
19
Output Devices
Monitors
•
Liquid crystal
display (LCD)
–
Flat panel
–
Light and energy efficient
•
Light
-
emitting
diode (LED)
–
More energy efficient than LCD monitors
–
Better color accuracy and thinner panels
•
Organic light
-
emitting diode (OLED)
–
Use organic compounds that produce light
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
20
Output Devices
Monitors (cont.)
•
How
LCD Monitors work
–
Screens are grids made up of millions of tiny
dots called pixels
–
Each pixel is composed of red, blue, and
green
subpixels
(and sometimes yellow)
–
Two or more sheets of material are filled with
liquid crystal solution
–
Crystals block or let light shine through to
cause images to form on the screen
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
21
Output Devices
Monitors (cont.)
•
Choosing
an LCD Monitor
–
Aspect ratio
–
width to height proportion
–
Resolution
–
number of pixels displayed on
screen
–
Contrast ratio
–
difference in light intensity
between brightest white and darkest black
–
Viewing angle
–
distance in degrees from
which you can move to the side of (or above
or below) a monitor
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
22
Output Devices
Monitors (cont.)
•
Choosing
an LCD
Monitor (cont.)
–
Brightness
–
greatest amount of light showing
when the monitor is displaying pur
e white
–
Response
time
–
time it takes for a pixel to
change color
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
23
Output Devices
Monitors (cont.)
•
The bigger the monitor, the more you can
display
•
27
-
inch monitor
–
2560
×
1440 pixels
•
21.5
-
inch monitor
–
1680
×
1050 pixels
•
Blu
-
ray movies
–
Require at least 1920
×
1080 pixels
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
24
Output Devices
Printers
•
Inkjet printers
–
Spray tiny drops of ink onto page
•
Laser printers
–
Use laser beams and static electricity to
deliver toner to page
•
Nonimpact
printers have replaced impact
printers almost entirely
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
25
Output Devices
Printers (cont.)
•
Inkjet
–
Affordable
–
High
-
quality color
printouts
–
Quick and quiet
•
Laser
–
Faster printing
speed
–
Higher quality
printouts
–
More expensive
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
26
Output Devices
Printers (cont.)
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
27
•
Wireless printer
–
No wires
–
Several people can print to same printer from
different places
–
Two types
–
WiFi
and Bluetooth
•
Range of up to approx. 300 feet
•
WiFi
sends data more quickly
–
Allows you to print from portable devices
Output Devices
Printers (cont.)
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
28
•
All
-
in
-
one printer
–
Functions as printer, scanner, copier, and fax
•
Plotter
–
Used to print oversize images
•
Thermal printer
–
Emerging as popular
technology for mobile
and portable printing
Output Devices
Printers (cont.)
•
Selecting
a Printer
–
Decide your primary printing need first
•
Speed
(
pages per minute)
•
Resolution (
dots per inch)
•
Color output
•
Cost
of consumables
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
29
Sound Output
•
Speaker is output device for sound
–
Inexpensive speakers come with computers
–
Surround
-
sound speakers
–
Wireless speaker systems
•
Headphones or
earbuds
avoid distracting
others
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
30
•
CPU
•
ROM, RAM, and cache
•
Slots for expansion
cards
•
Network interface card
(NIC)
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
31
Processing and Memory on the Motherboard
•
Motherboard: Main circuit board containing
central electronic components of the
computer
Processing and Memory on
the Motherboard
Memory
RAM
Random
access
memory
•
Stores
instructions
and data
•
Series of several
memory cards or
modules
•
Temporary
(volatile)
storage
ROM
Read
-
only memory
•
Stores
startup
instructions
•
Permanent
(nonvolatile) storage
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
32
Processing and Memory on
the Motherboard
Processing
•
Central
Processing Unit
–
Also called CPU or processor
–
Referred
to as the “brains” of the computer
–
Controls all functions
performed by the
computer’s other components
–
Processes all commands and instructions
–
Can perform billions of tasks per second
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
33
Processing and Memory on
the Motherboard
Processing (cont.)
•
CPU
Performance Measures
–
Processor speed measured in hertz (Hz)
•
Megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz)
–
Number of cores
•
Single
•
Dual
•
Quad
•
Eight
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
34
Storing Data and
Information
Hard Drives
•
Primary device for permanent storage
•
Holds stored programs and data
•
Internal hard drive
–
Inside the system
–
Holds all permanently stored programs and data
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
35
Storing Data and
Information
Hard Drives (cont.)
•
External hard drive
–
Resides outside the system
–
Connects via USB or FireWire port
•
Solid
-
State Drive (SSD)
–
No moving parts
–
Runs with no noise
–
Emits little heat
–
Requires little power
–
Less likely to fail
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
36
Storing Data and
Information
Hard Drives (cont.)
•
Internal drive bays
–
Reserved for internal hard drives
•
External drive bays
–
House CD or DVD drives
–
Notebook expansion attaches external drive
via USB port
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
37
Storing Data and
Information
Flash Storage
•
External hard drives
–
Large portable
storage needs
–
Small and lightweight
–
Attach to computer
via USB port
–
Care must be taken
when transporting
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
38
Storing Data and
Information
Flash Storage (cont.)
–
Use solid
-
state flash
memory
–
No moving parts
–
Significant storage
capacity
–
Plug into USB ports
–
Appears as another disk
drive
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
39
•
Flash drive (jump drive, USB drive, thumb
drive)
Storing Data and
Information
Flash Memory (cont.)
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
40
•
Flash memory card
–
Convenience means of portable storage
–
Uses solid
-
state flash memory
–
Allows you to transfer digital data between
computer and devices
Storing Data and
Information
Optical Storage
•
Compact discs (CDs)
–
Initially used to store audio files
•
Digital video discs (DVDs)
–
Store more data than CDs
•
Blu
-
ray discs (BDs)
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
41
Connecting Peripherals to the Computer
•
A port is a place through which a
peripheral device attaches to computer
•
Many ports are located on the back of the
computer
•
Some commonly used ports are placed on
the front and sides for easier access
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
42
Connecting Peripherals to the
Computer
High
-
Speed and Data Transfer Ports
•
Universal serial bus (USB) is the most
common port type used to connect input
and output devices to a computer
•
USB 2.0 port is current standard
–
Transfer data at 480 megabits per second
•
New USB 3.0 standard provides transfer
speeds that are 10 times faster
–
Should quickly become the port of choice
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
43
Connecting Peripherals to the
Computer
High
-
Speed and Data Transfer Ports (cont.)
•
FireWire 400
–
Moves data at 400 Mbps
•
FireWire 800
–
Doubles rate to 800 Mbps
•
FireWire 3200
–
Has been ratified
–
Yet to reach market
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
44
Connecting Peripherals to the
Computer
Connectivity and Multimedia Ports
•
Connectivity port can give access to
networks and the Internet
–
Ethernet port
–
Modem port
•
Audio ports
–
Connect headphones, microphones,
speakers
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
45
Connecting Peripherals to the
Computer
Connectivity and Multimedia Ports
•
Video ports
–
Connect monitors and multimedia devices
–
Video graphics array (VGA)
-
port to connect
older LCD monitors
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
46
Connecting Peripherals to the
Computer
Connectivity and Multimedia Ports (cont.)
•
Digital video interface (DVI): Ports used to
connect newer LCD monitors and other
multimedia devices
•
High
-
definition multimedia interface
(HDMI)
–
Digital connector for use in HD home theater
environments
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
47
Connecting Peripherals to the
Computer
Adding Ports: Expansion Cards and Hubs
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
48
•
Expansion cards
–
New port standards
•
Expansion
hubs
–
Enable several devices
to be connected to a port
Power Controls
•
Powe
r supply transforms wall voltage to
voltages required by computer chips
•
Cold boot: Powering on your computer
from a completely turned
-
off state
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
49
Power Controls (cont.)
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
50
•
Sleep Mode
–
Main method of power management in
Windows 8
–
D
ocuments, applications, data remain in RAM
•
Hibernate
–
Similar to Sleep
–
All data is stored on hard drive
–
Computer is powered off
•
Warm boot
–
Restarting the system while it’s powered on
Setting It All
Up
•
Ergonomics refers to how you set up your
computer to minimize risk of injury,
discomfort, or eyestrain
•
Guidelines to follow
–
Position monitor correctly
–
Use adjustable chair
–
Assume proper position while typing
–
Take breaks from computer
–
Ensure
that
lighting is
adequate
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
51
Setting It All Up (cont.)
•
Mobile computing devices present
challenges to injury prevention
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
52
Setting It All Up (cont.)
•
Devices for People with Disabilities
–
Voice recognition
–
Keyboards with larger keys
–
Keyboards that display on touch screens
–
Specialized input consoles
–
Keyboards designed for one hand
–
Special trackballs
–
Head
-
mounted pointing devices
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
53
Chapter 2 Summary Questions
1.
What exactly is a computer, and what are
its four main functions?
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
54
Chapter 2 Summary Questions
2.
What is the difference between data and
information?
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
55
Chapter 2 Summary Questions
3.
What are bits and bytes, and how are
they measured?
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
56
Chapter 2 Summary Questions
4.
What devices
can I
use to get data into
the computer?
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
57
Chapter 2 Summary Questions
5.
What devices
can I
use to get information
out of the computer?
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
58
Chapter 2 Summary Questions
6.
What’s on the
motherboard?
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
59
Chapter 2 Summary Questions
7.
Where are information and programs
stored?
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
60
Chapter 2 Summary Questions
8.
How are devices connected to the
computer?
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
61
Chapter 2 Summary Questions
9.
What’s th
e best way to turn my computer
on and off and when should it be done?
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
62
Chapter 2 Summary Questions
10.
How
do
I
set up
my
computer to avoid
strain and injury?
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
63
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
Copyright ©
2014
Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall
Enter the password to open this PDF file:
File name:
-
File size:
-
Title:
-
Author:
-
Subject:
-
Keywords:
-
Creation Date:
-
Modification Date:
-
Creator:
-
PDF Producer:
-
PDF Version:
-
Page Count:
-
Preparing document for printing…
0%
Σχόλια 0
Συνδεθείτε για να κοινοποιήσετε σχόλιο