Genetic Engineering
Breeding Strategies
•
Selective breeding
-
Selection of a few
individuals to get specific traits
•
Inbreeding
-
crossing of individuals with
same
•
Hybrididization
-
Mutations
•
Mutagens
-
cause mutations things such as
radiation and chemicals
•
Often used with bacteria, large number of
organisms in a short time period
Genetic Engineering
•
First
-
You will need a way to carefully cut
the DNA containing the gene away from the
genes surrounding it.
•
Second
-
You would have to find a way to
combine that gene with a piece of DNA
from the recipient organism.
Genetic Engineering cont.
•
Third
-
You would have to insert the
combined DNA into the new organism.
•
Fourth
-
Be able to read the sequences of
nucleotide bases in the gene in order to
analyze the genes that you are manipulating.
•
http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/shoc
kwave/pcranwhole.html
for PCR
•
NOVA Online | Killer's Trail | DNA
Fingerprint Lab
DNA fingerprinting
Gene Products
•
http://www.biologymad.com/master.html?ht
tp://www.biologymad.com/GeneticEngineer
ing/GeneticEngineering.htm
New Phenotypes
•
http://www.biologymad.com/master.html?ht
tp://www.biologymad.com/GeneticEngineer
ing/GeneticEngineering.htm
Technique
Purpose
1
cDNA
To make a DNA copy of mRNA
2
Restriction
Enzymes
To cut DNA at specific points, making
small fragments
3
DNA Ligase
To join DNA fragments together
4
Vectors
To carry DNA into cells and ensure
replication
5
Plasmids
Common kind of vector
6
Gene Transfer
To deliver a gene to a living cells
7
Genetic
Markers
To identify cells that have been
transformed
8
Replica Plating
*
To make exact copies of bacterial colonies
on an agar plate
9
PCR
To amplify very small samples of DNA
10
DNA probes
To identify and label a piece of DNA
containing a certain sequence
11
Shotgun *
To find a particular gene in a whole
genome
12
Antisense
genes *
To stop the expression of a gene in a cell
13
Gene
Synthesis
To make a gene from scratch
14
Electrophoresi
s
To separate fragments of DNA
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