CHAPTER 5
Data and Knowledge Management
Difficulties in Managing Data
Amount of data increases exponentially.
Data are scattered.
Data are collected by many individuals using
various methods and devices.
Data come from many sources.
Data degrades over time.
Data security, quality and integrity are critical.
Data governance
Data Governance
–
an approach to managing
data and information across an entire
organization.
Federal regulations
Amount of data is overwhelming
The Database Approach: Benefits
Database management system (DBMS)
provides all users with access to all the data.
A DBMS can reduce the following problems:
Data redundancy
Data isolation
Data inconsistency
A DBMS can increase the following:
Data security
Data integrity
Data independence
Database Management Systems
Data Hierarchy
Bit
Byte
Field
Record
File (or table)
Database
Designing the Database
Data model
Entity (a table)
Attribute (a field)
Primary key
Database designers plan the database
design in a process called
entity
-
relationship (ER) modeling
.
Entity
-
Relationship Diagram Model
Data warehouse
Data Warehouses
–
repository of historical data
organized to support decision makers in the
organization.
Organized
Consistent
Historical
Nonvolatile (unchanging/read only)
Multidimensional
Data Warehouses: Advantages
Data can be accessed easily and quickly.
Extensive data analysis is possible.
Data is consolidated into one place.
Data Warehouses: Disadvantages
Very expensive.
Requires constant maintenance.
Could be difficult to set up and maintain.
Could take extensive time to set up.
Functional units may not always want to
share data.
Data mart
Data Marts
–
a small data warehouse, designed
for the end
-
user needs in a strategic business
unit (SBU) or a department.
Smaller and less functional so generally:
less expensive
can be created and perform quicker
local control so data sharing may not be
required
Knowledge management (KM)
Knowledge Management
–
a process that
helps organizations manipulate important
knowledge that is part of the organization’s
memory, usually in an unstructured format.
Knowledge
–
recall what it is...
Information in
action. How we
USE
information.
Aka
intellectual capital
(or
intellectual assets
)
Explicit Knowledge
Tacit Knowledge
Explicit
vs
Tacit Knowledge
–
objective, rational,
technical knowledge that has been
documented.
policies, procedural guides, reports, products,
strategies, goals, core competencies
–
cumulative store of
subjective or experiential learning.
experiences, insights, expertise, know
-
how,
trade secrets, understanding, skill sets, and
learning
Knowledge Management Systems (KMSs)
Knowledge Management Systems
–
refer to the use of information technologies to
systematize, enhance, and expedite
intrafirm
and
interfirm
knowledge management.
Knowledge Management System Cycle
Enter the password to open this PDF file:
File name:
-
File size:
-
Title:
-
Author:
-
Subject:
-
Keywords:
-
Creation Date:
-
Modification Date:
-
Creator:
-
PDF Producer:
-
PDF Version:
-
Page Count:
-
Preparing document for printing…
0%
Σχόλια 0
Συνδεθείτε για να κοινοποιήσετε σχόλιο