8 Basic understanding of the Internet and the Web

BASIC UNDERSTANDING
OF

INTERNET AND WEB


BRIDGE COURSE

of

INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY

Activity No. 8

Objective s of the activity

On the completion of this activity, students are able to



Learn basics of Internet


Know types of Network


Learn how to access the Internet


Learn the structure of World Wide Web (www)

2

Types of Network

3

Network

:

It

is

a

collection

of

interconnected

computers

and

other

devices

to

share

information

,

files

and

hardware

resources
.

Basic

Types

:


LAN


MAN


WAN




LOCAL AREA NETWORK

4

A

LAN

(local

area

network)

is

a

group

of

computers

and

network

devices

connected

together,

usually

within

the

same

building

/

site
.


METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK

5

A

MAN

(metropolitan

area

network)

is

a

larger

network

that

usually

spans

several

buildings

in

the

same

city

or

town
.

A

metropolitan

area

network

(MAN)

is

a

network

that

interconnects

users

with

computer

resources

in

a

geographic

area

or

region

larger

than

large

local

area

network

(LAN)

but

smaller

than

the

area

covered

by

a

wide

area

network

(WAN)
.

WIDE AREA NETWORK

6


A

wide

area

network

(WAN)

is

a

computer

network

that

spans

a

relatively

large

geographical

area

and

consists

of

two

or

more

interconnected

local

area

networks

(LANs)


The Internet is an example of a worldwide public WAN.


What is the Internet?

7


Internet

is

an

inter
-
connection

between

several

computers

of

different

types

belonging

to

various

networks

all

over

the

globe
.



It is a network of networks.

WHAT IS WEB ?

8


The

Web

is

a

world

of

information

available

at

the

click

of

a

mouse
.

To

use

it,

you

need

a

computer/Smart

phones,

a

connection

to

the

Internet,

and

a

Web

browser
.


WWW

(World

Wide

Web)

:

WWW

is

a

series

of

servers

that

are

interconnected

through

hypertext
.



Hypertext

is

a

method

of

presenting

information

in

which

certain

text

is

highlighted

(Hyperlink)

that,

when

selected,

displays

more

information

on

the

particular

topic
.
















Common Terminologies related to www are:

9

Web Browser

Web Server

Homepage

HTML

HTTP

URL

ISP

Web Browser

10


Web

Browser
—

The

browser

is

the

program

which

is

necessary

for

surfing

the

internet
.


For

Example

:

Google

Chrome

Mozilla

Firefox


Opera


Safari


Internet

Explorer





Web Server

11


Web

server
—
is

a

place

where

web

pages

reside
.

When

User

request

,

it

responds

with

required

web

page

on

user’s

computer
.

HomePage,HTML,HTTP

12


Home

page
—
is

the

first

hypertext

document

displayed

when

the

user

follows

a

link

to

the

Web

server
.



Hypertext

Markup

Language

(HTML)
—
is

the

encoding

scheme

used

to

create


a

Web

document
.



Hypertext

Transfer

Protocol

(HTTP)
—
is

a

protocol

used

on

the

Web

to

transfer

hypertext

documents
.

A

protocol

is

a

set

of

rules

that

the

computers

use

to

communicate

logically
.



URL,ISP

13


Uniform

Resource

Locator

(URL)
—
is

a

Web

addressing

scheme

that

spells

out

the

exact

location

of

an

Internet

resource
.

When

the

user

clicks

on

a

link,

the

browser

reads

the

link

to

the

document
.

The

information

about

the

link

is

provided

to

the

browser

by

the

URL
.






http
:
//

www
.
google
.
com




http
:
//

www
.
gtu
.
ac
.
in




Internet

Service

Provider

(ISP)

:

An

Internet

service

provider

(ISP,

also

called

Internet

access

provider)

is

a

business

or

organization

that

offers

users

access

to

the

Internet

and

related

services
.




ACCESSING INTERNET

14




To access internet , users need to contact ISP

like BSNL , MTNL etc.







Entering a URL in Browser

15

Location Box

Enter

URL’s
here

(or

Web Address
)

http
://www.gmail.com

http
://www.gmail.com

Press
Enter

Response in web browser

16

References

17



http://en.wikipedia.org


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network


http://www.google.com/imghp