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Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Soybean Suspensions

James D. Wilson

STEP Science Camp

May 21 to June 1, 2001

Advisor: Antoine Al
-
Achi, Ph.D.

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Introduction


Soybean has been cultivated in China for
thousands of years.


Currently, the United States is the main
producer of Soybean worldwide.


Soybean is commonly used in food industry,
especially in Asia.


Soybean is rich in proteins and oil. It contains
all the essential proteins needed for life.

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Objectives


To prepare suspensions containing
soybean powder with different suspending
agents.


To test the ability of soybean powder to
act as a suspending agent itself.

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Soybean Formulas

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Phosphate Buffer Solution

Potassium Phosphate, Monobasic (0.2 M)

250 ml

Sodium Hydroxide (0.2 M)




145.5 ml

Purified Water qs. ad.




1 liter


pH = 7.00

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Formula 1: Soybean Control

Soybean





12 g

Glycerin





3.2 ml

Orange Oil




2 Drops

Syrup, NF




2 ml

Buffer Solution (pH = 7.0) qs

60 ml

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Formula 2: Soybean with Tween
20

Soybean





12 g

Glycerin





3.2 ml

Orange Oil




2 Drops

Syrup, NF




2 ml

Tween 20





5 ml

Buffer Solution (pH = 7.0) qs

60 ml

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Formula 3: Soybean with Acacia
and Gum Tragacanth

Soybean





12 g

Glycerin





3.2 ml

Orange Oil




2 Drops

Syrup, NF




2 ml

Acacia





1.5 g

Gum Tragacanth



0.3 g

Buffer Solution (pH = 7.0) qs

60 ml

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Formula 4: Soybean with
Bentonite Magma

Soybean





12 g

Glycerin





3.2 ml

Orange Oil




2 Drops

Syrup, NF




2 ml

Bentonite

Magma



12 ml

Buffer Solution (pH = 7.0) qs

60 ml






Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Results

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Control By Time (hrs)


Control By Time (hrs)


Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Tween By Time (hrs)



Tween By Time (hrs)


Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Acacia/Tragacanth By Time (hrs)



Acacia/Tragacanth By Time (hrs)


Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Bentonite Magma By Time (hrs)

Bentonite By Time (hrs)


Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Sedimentation Volume (F)

Suspension Type


F Value
†

Control




0.74
±

0.056

Tween 20




0.68
±

0.094


Acacia & Gum Tragacanth

0.83
±

0.034

Bentonite Magma


0.87
±

0.024



†

Mean
±

S.D. (n = 6)

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Degree of Flocculation (

)

Suspension Type




Value
†

Control




1.00

Tween 20




0.98
±

0.14

Acacia & Gum Tragacanth

1.20
±

0.05


Bentonite Magma


1.26
±

0.03


Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi



†

Mean
±

S.D. (n = 6)

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Calamine Lotion with Soybean

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Formula 1: Calamine Lotion
Control

Calamine




4.8 g

Zinc Oxide



4.8 g

Glycerin




1.2 ml

Lime Water qs ad.


60 ml

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Formula 2: Calamine Lotion with
Bentonite Magma

Calamine




4.8 g

Zinc Oxide



4.8 g

Glycerin




1.2 ml

Bentonite Magma


24 ml

Lime Water qs ad.


60 ml


Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Formula 3: Calamine Lotion with
Soybean

Calamine





4.8 g

Zinc Oxide




4.8 g

Glycerin





1.2 ml

Soybean Suspension (5%)

24 ml

Lime Water qs ad.



60 ml


Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Results

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Calamine Lotion Control by Time

(
hrs)

Control By Time (hrs)


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Control
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
TimeC (Hrs)
Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Calamine Lotion with Bentonite
Magma by Time (hrs)

Bentonite By Time (hrs)


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Bentonite
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Time (hrs)
Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Calamine Lotion with Soybean by
Time (hrs)

Soybean By Time (hrs)


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Soybean
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Time (hrs)
Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Sedimentation Volume (F)

Suspension Type


F Value
†

Control




0.39
±

0.04

Soybean




0.23
±

0.02

Bentonite Magma


0.69
±

0.05







†

Mean
±

S.D. (n = 6)


Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Degree of Flocculation (

)

Suspension Type





Value
†

Control





1.00

Soybean





0.63
±

0.03


Bentonite Magma



1.84
±

0.10



†
Mean
±

S.D. (n = 6)

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi


Soybean suspensions made with different
suspending agents showed that bentonite
magma produced the best dispersion as
compared to the other formulations. This
was evident by the settling rate,
sedimentation volume (F), and degree of
flocculation (

)
.


Conclusion

Campbell
University/STEP

James D. Wilson/Antoine Al
-
Achi

Conclusion (Continued)


When soybean dispersion (5%) was
compared to bentonite magma in the
preparation of calamine lotion, bentonite
magma produced a much better
dispersion than that with soybean. This
conclusion was reached based on
comparing the settling rate, sedimentation
volume, and degree of flocculation of
suspensions made by these two agents.