CS
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300 Systems Administration
Lecture
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OS Concepts, Terminology
What is an OS?
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Supporting software structure on which
application program runs.
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Includes: facilities for managing the computer
system resources and any utility program
needed to maintain and configure the
operating system.
System Administration?
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Configure an operating system
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Environment for application users.
Early and Modern OS
Three key features:
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Sharing the CPU between multiple programs
via a co
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operative system.
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Controlling access to system storage.
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Protecting OS and application memory.
Early OS
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CPU sharing was periodic; one to pause for
other.
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Critical system files were unprotected.
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No protection for processes and OS kernel.
Modern OS
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Good support for CPU sharing, file protection and
memory protection
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More robust and reliable.
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Share several design concepts.
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Layered design
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Layers are protected and connected through APIs.
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Provide security through careful control of
interaction.
Modern OS (Layered Design)
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Core part: interacts with hardware known as
kernel, loaded into memory when the
computer boots and stay.
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Middle Layer: consists of libraries and services
abstraction of computer hardware, loaded as
needed.
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User shell or GUI and application program.
Kernel
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Monolithic Kernel
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Micro
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kernel
Monolithic Kernel
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Older design
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Uses a single binary image to provide the
resource management and hardware interface
functions
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Linux, Solaris
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Modern kernel extend to loadable modules.
Micro
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kernel
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Uses a very small task management
component
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Suite of modules, for other resource
management function
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Windows NT, windows 2000, Windows XP,
MacOS X
Hardware Architecture
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Distinction between hardware platform is
important for OS selection.
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Each hardware requires a specific driver which
is critical.
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Help in determine the OS selection.
Application Architecture
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General description of hardware good enough
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Known as application architecture
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Defined as combination of the general hardware
architecture and the operating system
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Linux x86 (one way of describing AA)
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Sometime more description such as Linux x86
libc5 are required.
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DLL Vs loadable
kernel modules.
Linux in historical context
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Re
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implementation and elaboration of UNIX.
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Originated in 1991.
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Linus Trovalds (A finnish graduate student)
Linux Distributions
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All distributions share same kernel.
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Ancillary material along with kernel can vary.
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Distribution vary in:
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Focus
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Support
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popularity
Popular General Purpose Linux
Distributions
Distribution
Website
CentOS
www.centos.org
Debian
www.debian.org
Fedora
Fedora.redhat.com
Gentoo
www.gento.org
Mandriva
www.mandriva.com
openSUSE
www.opensuse.org
RedHat
Enterprise
www.redhat.com
Slackware
www.slackware.com
SUSE
Linux Enterprise
www.novell.com/linux
TurboLinux
www.turbolinux.com
Ubuntu
www.ubuntu.com
Best Distribution???
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Ask following questions
Is this distribution going to be around in 5 years?
Is this distribution going to stay on top of the
latest security phase?
Is this distribution going to release updated
software promptly?
If I have problems, will the vendor talk to me?
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